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Reasoning in Philosophy. These rules are very important in understanding the evolution of the theorizing process in science. The rules are:
Rule 1: We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances.
Rule 2: Therefore to the same natural effects we must, as far as possible, assign the same causes.
Rule 3: The qualities of bodies, which admit neither intensification nor remission of degrees, and which are found to belong to all bodies within the reach of our experiments, are to be esteemed the universal qualities of all bodies whatsoever.
Rule 4: In experimental philosophy we are to look upon propositions inferred by general induction from phenomena as accurately or very nearly true, not withstanding any contrary hypothesis that may be imagined, till such time as other phenomena occur, by which they may either be made more accurate, or liable to exceptions.
Newton also listed a number of mostly astronomical data and named them the Phenomena. It was on these Phenomena that he depended in order to draw inferences later in the book. The third part thus laid down the basic principle or method that is used to form theories, by clearly defining the roles of scientific reasoning and experimentation in the process. The law of universal gravitation states that any two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This was the genius of Newton in seeing the same underlying force that causes all bodies in the universe, big or small, to attract each other. Using his new theory, he was able to predict with considerable accuracy the motion of planets, as well as the tiniest objects known to man in those days.
He himself was not fully comfortable, however, with the force of gravity. In a letter, he wrote ‘That one body may act upon another at a distance through a vacuum without the mediation of anything else, by and through which their action and force may be conveyed from one another, is to me so great an absurdity that, I believe, no man who has in philosophic matters a competent faculty of thinking could ever fall into it.’ He was never able to assign a cause behind the existence of gravity.

We study the Standard Model in light of the Zero-Postulation of the Theory of Abstraction. Yukawa Coupling, chiral superfields, the SUSY model, Interacting Boson Models (IBMs), Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, Interacting Boson-Fermion Model (IBFM), etc., are some of the concepts that we study in this paper. Non-commutative geometry seems to come very handy in describing the quantum world. Bosons and fermions both seem to be governed by the rules of such geometry. The principle of conservation of boson number inside a system is seen to follow directly from the Abstraction Model. The IBMs are seen to obey the Laws of Physical Transaction that follows from Zero-Postulation. The chaotic superfields at the requisite scaling-ratio yields necessary equation-parameters needed to describe them at that given scaling-ratio. This is seen to be independent of the choice of scale, but at smaller scaling-ratios, we have less loss of information. At a higher scale, we seem to have less number of parameters required to describe them.

“You are running away from home?” the shabby man was laughing himself hoarse. The shock of hair he had on his head was fluttering in the light breeze of the morning. He wore something that looked like a cloak, over which there was a blanket, dilapidated from neglect. Half his face was covered in beard that had started to show signs of white. But it was the man’s eyes that attracted Hubi like magnets. They had something in them that showed signs of great depth.
“Don’t be angry, little brother” the man said with some seriousness, “You have done the right thing.”
His seriousness was short-lived for he started laughing again, his beard waving like a flag, “That will make two of us.”
Hubi did not like the man laughing at his expense like this. However, he did not show much remorse. He considered if he had done the right thing by telling this man that he had left home. But somehow, the purity of the beautiful morning had elevated him to a state that barred him from lying. So when the man had asked,” Where do you live, little brother? Where do you go?” he had just told him the truth. Besides, the way the man had uttered the words ’little brother’, somehow had made Hubi feel at home.
Or was it the dreamy beauty of the place? He was not sure what it was, but for the first time since he left home, he was completely sure that he had chosen wisely. Had he not left the compromising comforts of his known existence and ventured into the unknown, following nothing but exactly what he wanted every moment, he would have missed out on so much fun.
None of the experiences he had experienced after leaving his known world would have been possible if he had not been courageous enough to leave home. The sweet sun and the unadulterated morning breeze assured him that he was right in following himself. Hubi decided to ignore it even if the man made fun of him. There was no way he was leaving this place now. It was simply enchanting, liberating.
“Do you have any food with you, brother?”
His trance was broken by the man, smiling at him. He looked into the eyes of the man. There seemed to have no sign of derision in them but only genuine tenderness. Hubi nodded his head to mean no. He had not brought much, only that packet of biscuits that he exhausted the previous night.
“Where can I find food here? Are there any shops around?” Hubi asked the man. The man started laughing again. Why did the man laugh so much? Hubi kept to his word and did not pay much attention even if the man was making fun of him. Or maybe the man simply laughed more than what was considered normal. Good for him, Hubi thought, laughing is way better than grimacing.
“There, that way.” the man pointed towards the street that had led Hubi to this place, “Go straight, you’ll find a left turn. There you can find all you want.”
How did he miss noticing this turn earlier, while coming to the river? It must have been the darkness, or the fog, or simply that Hubi had been a little too preoccupied to notice. Hubi found a small marketplace of sorts after reaching there. It was way different from the river. The river had the gigantic tree, with its singular fragrance of endearment. The marketplace had the bustling crowd. Hubi liked both. From the market he bought a dozen bananas and two loaves of bread. This should sustain two men for two meals, he thought.
“So what’s your story Punin?” Hubi asked the man as he lay in the sun. It was afternoon and the riverbank had a few people going about their own ways. Hubi had learnt the name of the man. Punin sat up dragging his left leg and leaned against his sack that contained his things and also doubled for a pillow for him. Hubi had also learnt that Punin could not move much because of his malformed left leg. He had to carry a crutch wherever he went. In the morning, Punin had his legs wrapped up in his cloak and his blanket and his crutch was on the opposite side of the tree-trunk. That is why Hubi had failed to notice these at first.
Punin cleared his throat and thanked him for the eleventh time for the food Hubi had given him. “What’s my story? My story is not as interesting as yours, little brother.” the man said gently. At most times Punin had a smile on his face from under his beard. At other times he was bursting his lungs out, laughing. Not for one moment since he met this man did Hubi find him grim in face.
“Everybody has a story and all are interesting in their own ways” Hubi said, “But if you do not want to tell yours, that’s okay.”
“Who knows who I am?” the man breathed out. Then showing his malformed left leg he said, “This does not let me move much, but I have seen a few places. Have heard of a small village named Ujad? It’s in Neramo.”
Hubi nodded his head. He had not heard of the village, but he definitely knew about Neramo. Neramo was a state in the extreme southern part of Utopia.
Punin said, “I was born in Ujad. And it’s a long story how I happen to be here today.”
Hubi was interested. How did he end up in Kaskat, which was in the north-east corner of his land? It seemed mysterious. “Tell me how you end up here then.” he asked the man.
“When I was about fourteen, I lost both my parents on a single day and I became all alone. My uncle, who used to live with us in our house, chased me away as if I was a mad dog the very next day. Well he never liked me for some reason. Then I travelled and travelled and reached here.” Punin smiled.
Hubi noticed that there was no sign of a complaint in the way he said this. How could a man in his circumstances seem so happy? It defied all logic. Or so Hubi felt.
Punin continued, “Sometimes I travelled on foot and sometimes I hitchhiked. But Mostly I had to walk. I just wanted to see our land and soak in its aroma.”
“How did you walk all this way?” Hubi was visibly astonished. A part in him told him that this man must be lying. That his story was too fantastic to be true. But then the eyes of the man assured him. Had he ever seen more truthful eyes in a man ever? Hubi wanted to believe him. He somehow felt an almost instant bond with this man.

********************************

It was getting colder presently as the sun was to complete its westward journey for the day. Hubi had to put on his yellow wind-cheater again. Punin was back in his post, leaning against the tree, singing aloud. This man had something in his voice. He sang one song after the other, some complete some a few verses. The music was enthralling. It mingled well with the enchantment of the mysterious beauty of the riverbank. Hubi watched the small boats sailing by. The final rays of the sun kissed their hoods and gave them a crimson hue. The mist was settling in again along with the shivering cold.
They had already completed their dinner, comprising the bananas and bread from the morning. It was around thirty minutes past nine. Punin was playing a flute that he had taken out of his greyish sack. This man was full of surprises, so Hubi felt. Who knows what else does he have inside that sack of him? The music, which his flute made, was even better than his songs, Hubi thought. The misty River seemed to reverberate with the tune. There was one all-pervading canvas of a starry sky over their heads. The sound of the river gurgling by slowly, with the moonbeams playing on it added to the music. This must be divine, Hubi was sure.
Suddenly the flute fell silent. Hubi too was leaning now against the tree, looking at the stars. The sudden silence was broken only by the hushed tones of the river and the rustling of leaves. It seemed to Hubi that he was being taken on an inexplicable journey. The music had been the stairway to a place of higher identity and now the silence was describing the identity itself. It made him forget even about the stiff cold. As if his body was lying on the ground, while his spirit was dancing like a lunatic to the tunes of silence!
Hubi did not know how long he had been in this state of being. He looked at his watch and then at Punin. It was past eleven! How did time fly so fast, he did not know. It seemed to be just a blink of an eye, but he was contented. He had enjoyed it to the fullest.
Punin looked at him in the subdued light and said in a hushed tone,” Can you hear the fairies bathing in the river? Look, there.” he pointed to a part of the riverbank. “They come here every day, the beings of light. Don’t talk aloud or look at them directly. They might be afraid and leave.”
This was too much to believe for Hubi, even at that time and at that place. He strained his eyes suspiciously to look closely at the place Punin had mentioned. Nothing he could find there except for the mist veiling the river. However, his heart wanted to believe that anything was possible at such a curious place. May be the mist concealed the fairies from his view. Or did they become afraid and leave as he had looked at them directly, with eyes of suspicion? He was not sure anymore, but decided not to doubt the fairies anymore. If Punin believed that they came down, good for him!

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A World Named Utopia: Will He Be Able to Save Himself and His Utopia?

Around 45 odd signs out of the total number of Harappan signs found make up almost 100 percent of the inscriptions, in some form or other, as said earlier. Out of these 45 signs, around 40 are readily distinguishable. These form an almost exclusive and unique set. The primary signs are seen to have many variants, as in Brahmi. Many of these provide us with quite a vivid picture of their evolution, depending upon the factors of time, place and usefulness. Even minor adjustments in such signs, depending upon these factors, are noteworthy. Many of the signs in this list are the same as or are very similar to the corresponding Brahmi signs. These are similarities that simply cannot arise from mere chance. It is also to be noted that the most frequently used signs in the Brahmi look so similar to the most frequent Harappan symbols. The Harappan script transformed naturally into the Brahmi, depending upon the factors channelizing evolution of scripts.
Though a few variants of the Brahmi alphabet system have been known to exist, with the evolution of Brahmi characters, the core signs are seen to be quite consistent over time. The syntax of their usage has also been found to be roughly consistent throughout this evolution process.t is known to us that the Harappan signs were being used in several parts of the Indian subcontinent until around 400 BCE. There seems to be a gradual and natural transformation of these signs into the Brahmi, later on.
Call Of The Lost Ages: A Study Of The Indus Valley ScriptCall Of The Lost Ages - A Study Of The Indus Valley ScriptCall Of The Lost Ages: A Study Of The Indus Valley Script

Over some years now, a large part of the energies of the scientific community has been employed solely for finding a theory that will fit in all known happenings of the physical world. Various groups of scientists have tried to attack the problem from different ends. Some of these theories have been partly successful in explaining the known physical world. However none of these theories have been without shortcomings. Be it the much lauded String Theory or the Quantum Gravity postulation or any other such attempts towards arriving at a Theory of Everything, none have been proved to be foolproof. To say the least, nobody can deny that there is room for much improvement before we can even start thinking truly towards such a theory that would describe the known world satisfactorily and provide for a single basis of understanding the four forces in nature.

On top of that, we have the newly emerging problems of ‘Dark Energy’, ‘Dark Matter’ and the like. These realms are yet to be accepted by the scientific community officially, but nonetheless, they are most definitely at least a few parts of mysteries that remain unexplained. A good and effective Theory of Everything must aim towards explaining such mysteries too. Sadly, we have no theory as yet that fulfills these criteria.

From the dawn of civilization, human beings have tried to find out order in the chaotic world surrounding them. It has however never been easy to find a solution to explain a given system while being a part of that system. The best bet is to find out the most fundamental components within the system and building a theory round these. In other words, a theory that is able to describe the world in totality has to keep the number of basic postulates it depends upon to zero or near zero. Deductionism hits a dead end in this regard. On the other hand, abstraction as the starting point of building up a theory may be seen to be of fitting use. It would be much more than a new way of tackling the problem. Even abstract postulates do away with the shackles that bind our theories into the system and bar them from being total descriptions of the system. The abstraction we are talking about here may be defined as, “Postulation of non-postulation” or, in other words, “A system of postulation that gives equal weights to all possible solutions inside the system and favours none of such solutions over others.”

Abstraction automatically gives rise to optimized solutions within the universal set of all possible solutions, as has been shown in this book. It is these optimized solutions that make up and drive the non-abstract parts of the world, while the non-optimized solutions remain ‘hidden’ from the material world, inside the abstract world.

Starting from a basis of no postulation, we build our theory. As we go on piling up possibilities, we come to a similar basis for understanding the four non-contact forces of nature known till date. The difference in ranges of these forces is explained from this basis in this book. Zero postulation or abstraction as the basis of theory synthesis allows us to explore even imaginary and chaotic non-favoured solutions as possibilities. With no postulation as the fundamental basis, we are thus able to pile up postulated results or favoured results, but not the other way round. We keep describing such implications of abstraction in this book. We deal with the abstraction of observable parameters involved in a given system (quantum, relativistic, chaotic, non-chaotic)and formulate a similar basis of understanding them.

Scaling of observable parameters in adequate ways is shown to unite the understanding of worlds of the great vastness of the universe and the minuteness of the sub-atomic realm. Finally, the mysteries involving ‘dark energy’ and ‘dark matter’ are uncovered using such an approach.

Zero-postulation, as we can see, sits at the heart of abstraction. Null-postulation or zero-postulation favours no given result or a given set of results over all others. In that way, null postulation does not assume anything beforehand. What it does is to consider all possible results and derive the ultimate results from this exhaustive set of possible results. Each valid element inside the exhaustive set of results might interact in order to culminate into the ‘real’ results or happenings.

In not favouring solutions or sets of solutions, the principle of zero-postulation drives away any unwanted incompleteness from the description of the world. It is the interactions between the possible exhaustive set of solutions that creates the impression pointedness or directiveness in the universe, leading to the formation of clusters, as discussed earlier. These interactions may be chaotic in nature, giving rise to attractor points where the directiveness inside any given system asymptotically seem to approach. It is this directiveness, in turn, inside a given system or in the universe as a whole, that is the cause of all known phenomena. This directiveness of possibilities saves the universe from being exactly the same throughout, but makes it heterogeneously active, as we see it to be.

As zero-postulation considers the exhaustive set of all possible results, it would yield to be perfectly flexible to work with. That is to say, the scaling-ratio of observations may be adjusted as per requirements an intentions of the observer. This in turn is seen to unite observables at both microscopic and macroscopic levels through a similar basis of understanding. Even the ‘non-real’ abstract points themselves in the exhaustive set may be seen to interact and give rise to ‘real’ possibilities. Through analysis of all such possibilities, combined with analysis of all real elements inside the set is the description of the world in totality. The principle of null-postulation holds the key to such total description of the world, or of any given system, for that matter. Choosing suitable scaling-ratio and identifying all real and abstract parameters within a given system enables us to describe the system in all totality. Different scales of observations may have different sets of parameters with still different sets of interactions between themselves. These various levels of interactions between the parameters may give rise to different force-fields with their own respective sets of accelerations of interactions. However, all such fields of interactions, being fundamentally similar, has a similar basis of description.

In the description of the universe or any given system, there is always some ‘hidden’ information, that do not show up while the rest of the available information is being taken into account. Different sets of such available information at various levels of scaling will have their respective sets of such hidden information. This may prevent a given description of the world, or a part of it, at a given scale, from being completely deterministic. Lack of complete determinism in directiveness inside a given system, or in the universe as a whole, gives rise to hidden mass and hidden energy, that may not seem to show up in a given set of observations, but is seen to affect the overall description, nonetheless. This ‘indeterminism’ in directiveness will make the clusters to move away from each other and the clusters themselves to be bound within themselves with greater hidden strengths than is anticipated. The hidden mass exerts a hidden gravity inside the cluster concerned. The hidden energy, on the other hand, will tend to draw the clusters away from each other.

For a large enough or a small enough scale of observations, this hidden amount of information concerned seems to be of paramount significance. The galaxies themselves are seen to be held together by some hidden masses, while they are found to move away from each other by some hidden amount of energy. On the other hand, in the subatomic world, particles are seen to be held together by very strong hidden forces, while they seem to be interacting with each other with some hidden amount of energies.

In both the cases, a certain amount of hidden uncertainty in available information is always found to be present. At a scale of observations, which is more ‘akin’ to our own ‘normal’ day-to-day scale of looking at the world, which lies in between such vastness or such minuteness, the hidden amount of information seems to be of less significance. As the scaling-ratio and the object it is supposed to measure become increasingly commensurate to each other, the amount of hidden information for that given scale of measurements diminishes in size.

Looking at a large enough part of the universe, we may draw an analogy to a system of scattered particles, in motion or rest, relative to each other. These particles may or may not be similar to each other, if we look at a given locality. Our idea, however, is that we can always represent even the whole of the universe on a piece of paper of our desired size. We can very well do the same with localities of sub-atomic sizes.

We may represent both the worlds, viz., the microscopic and the macroscopic, within any desired standard size. Theoretically, we are only to diminish the snaps of the universe and magnify the snaps of the microscopic world in order to put both into representations of a definite scaling-size. Looking at such a representation of the macroscopic world (due to the large number of constituents and the large distances separating them involved) we will find it to be a complex mixture of various kinds of particles. On the other hand, looking at such a representation of the microscopic world, (due to the small distances separating the constituents) it will be like the actual universe itself, with various types of constituent parts involved. Such a representation of the microscopic and the macroscopic worlds will bring out hidden properties and behaviours of both worlds, as well as providing for a similar basis of studying them both.

From the Theory of Abstraction, we arrive at ‘hidden’ direction part of an energy-quantum. Quantum dynamics is seen to merge with classical dynamics if this hidden direction-part of the quantum-states are taken into consideration, as validated by practical analysis and data. Moreover, this hidden part of an actual energy-quantum may explain the dark-energy problem. As a support towards transport comprises the direction-part only, and as the resistance against motion is offered against the whole of an energy-quantum (direction-part + magnitude-part), this hidden energy may very well affect a gravitational field.

The relative periodicity of trajectories describing a given transaction seems to visit a given center of possibilities or a given set of centers of possibilities. In the chaotic region, at least, any given event seems to have a periodic set of possibilities of happening. This implies the revisit of trajectories around one or a given set of attractor points. However, trajectories seem to stray from such points and not be approaching them exactly, for any given set of measurements. Adjusting respective scaling-ratios and choosing suitable parameters to a desired level of accuracy of predictions may ensure effective descriptions of a given system, a given set of systems, or the world as a whole.

Any change in scaling-ratio such that the constituents inside the system concerned have a large enough ‘packing density’, will yield the system, as a whole, to be in a ‘condensed’ state of being, at that given scaling-ratio. Again, a suitable change in the scaling-ratio so as to break away from the condensation state yields a different set of observed results, complete with its own subset of hidden results and hidden information regions. This may explain how a whole world of its own set of possibilities can just come into being from such a condensed state of existence as the scaling-ratio is suitably adjusted. At such a scaling-ratio, this world is expected to have its own set of heterogeneity, which seems to be just the opposite of the practically homogeneous level of existence as in the condensed state. Coming into existence of such a world, as well as, any non-existence of such a world may be attributed to changing scaling-ratios. Only a suitable change in the landscaping and scaling-ratio is sufficient in describing any such existence or non-existence, as a whole. This, in turn, may be taken as the explanation of how the whole universe can begin from a homogeneous ‘nothing’ at the time of the ‘Big Bang’.

Be it the vastness of the universe or the delicate smallness of the sub-atomic world, by choosing a suitable constant scaling ratio for both, we may obtain their representations. These representations following a certain constant scaling ratio, will be self-same. In previous papers on the subject, I have mentioned the chaotic behaviour in the quantum world. Choosing suitable scaling ratios, we may turn the universe itself into such a chaotic quantum system, having its own necessary quantum states and trajectory behaviour. In that case, the study of the universe reduces to the study of some sort of a quantum chaotic system. On the other hand, choosing some other necessary scaling ratios, the atomic and the sub-atomic realm may be extended to become the universe itself, complete with its own macroscopic trajectory behaviour. Instead of formulating different ways of looking at worlds of different sizes, if we adjust the way of viewing i.e., the scaling ratio in such a fashion that the representations of the world merge, we will be looking at representative worlds of study which are practically self-same.

The Laws of Physical Transactions formulated in previous papers of the subject may then be applied in order to study such self-same representations of the worlds of various scales. Unification of the ways of studying at different ranges of scaling may thus be achieved by suitable landscaping (adjusting different scales to a suitable scaling-ratio, in order to make all the scales of study similar in size). Further, a similar approach may be applied to study the Bose-Einstein Condensation. A certain critical packing density of the constituents of each world of a certain landscape must ensure a condensation of similar sort. The quantum states (or some similar states) of each such landscape will merge and give spikes for that critical scaling ratio in their respective representations.

The quantum chaotic behaviour may be of interest to study if we are to learn about the universe as a whole. The astronomically large distances separating clusters in the universe supports a study of such sorts. Quantum chaotic behaviour, on the other hand will give rise to something similar to the Bose- Einstein condensation at some critical packing density. The study of such condensation states too will be of interest here.

Looking at a large enough part of the universe, we may draw an analogy to a system of scattered particles in motion or rest relative to each other. These particles may or may not be similar to each other, if we look at a given locality. Our idea, however, is that we can always represent even the whole of the universe on a piece of paper of our desired size. We can very well do the same with localities of sub-atomic sizes.

We may represent both the worlds, viz. the microscopic and the macroscopic, within any desired standard size. Theoretically, we are only to diminish the snaps of the universe and magnify the snaps of the microscopic world in order to put both into representations of a definite scaling-size. Looking at such a representation of the macroscopic world (due to the large number of constituents and the large distances separating them involved) we will find it to be a complex mixture of various kinds of particles. On the other hand, looking at such a representation of the microscopic world, (due to the small distances separating the constituents) it will be like the actual universe itself, with various types of constituent parts involved. Such a representation of the microscopic and the macroscopic worlds will bring out hidden properties and behaviours of both worlds, as well as providing for a similar basis of studying them both.

Over some years now, a large part of the energies of the scientific community has been employed solely for finding a theory that will fit in all known happenings of the physical world. Various groups of scientists have tried to attack the problem from different ends. Some of these theories have been partly successful in explaining the known physical world. However none of these theories have been without shortcomings. Be it the much lauded String Theory or the Quantum Gravity postulation or any other such attempts towards arriving at a Theory of Everything, none have been proved to be foolproof. To say the least, nobody can deny that there is room for much improvement before we can even start thinking truly towards such a theory that would describe the known world satisfactorily and provide for a single basis of understanding the four forces in nature.

On top of that, we have the newly emerging problems of ‘Dark Energy’, ‘Dark Matter’ and the like. These realms are yet to be accepted by the scientific community officially, but nonetheless, they are most definitely at least a few parts of mysteries that remain unexplained. A good and effective Theory of Everything must aim towards explaining such mysteries too. Sadly, we have no theory as yet that fulfills these criteria. From the dawn of civilization, human beings have tried to find out order in the chaotic world surrounding them. It has however never been easy to find a solution to explain a given system while being a part of that system. The best bet is to find out the most fundamental components within the system and building a theory round these. In other words, a theory that is able to describe the world in totality has to keep the number of basic postulates it depends upon to zero or near zero. Deductionism hits a dead end in this regard. On the other hand, abstraction as the starting point of building up a theory may be seen to be of fitting use. It would be much more than a new way of tackling the problem. Even abstract postulates do away with the shackles that bind our theories into the system and bar them from being total descriptions of the system. The abstraction we are talking about here may be defined as,

“Postulation of non-postulation” or, in other words, “A system of postulation that gives equal weights to all possible

solutions inside the system and favours none of such solutions over others.”

Abstraction automatically gives rise to optimized solutions within the universal set of all possible solutions. It is these optimized solutions that make up and drive the non-abstract parts of the world, while the non-optimized solutions remain ‘hidden’ from the material world, inside the abstract world.

Starting from a basis of no postulation, we build our theory. As we go on piling up possibilities, we come to a similar basis for understanding the four non-contact forces of nature known till date. The difference in ranges of these forces is explained from this basis.

Zero postulation or abstraction as the basis of theory synthesis allows us to explore even imaginary and chaotic non-favoured solutions as possibilities. With no postulation as the fundamental basis, we are thus able to pile up postulated results or favoured results, but not the other way round. We keep describing such implications of abstraction in this process. We deal with the abstraction of observable parameters involved in a given system (quantum, relativistic, chaotic, non-chaotic) and formulate a similar basis of understanding them. Scaling of observable parameters in adequate ways is shown to unite the understanding of worlds of the great vastness of the universe and the minuteness of the sub-atomic realm. Finally, the mysteries involving ‘dark energy’ and ‘dark matter’ may be uncovered using such an approach.