Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION CONTRIBUTION OF FERNS TO UNDERSTANDING OF PLANT DEVELOPMENT Chapter 2 Cellular, molecular and genetic changes during the development of Ceratopteris richardii gametophytes Salmi M, Bushart T and Roux S J Chapter 3 Laboratory-induced Apogamy and Apospory in Ceratopteris richardii Cordle AR., Bui LT, Irish EE, and Cheng C-L Chapter 4 Sexual reproduction in ferns Menéndez V, Revilla A, Peredo E, Revilla MA, and Fernández H. Chapter 5 Gibberellic acid and ethylene control male sex determination and development of Anemia phyllitidis gametophytes Kazmierczak A. Chapter 6 The sporophytes of seed-free vascular plants -major vegetative developmental features and molecular genetic pathways Tomescu A. PROPAGATION, CONSERVATION AND CONTROL OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN FERNS. Chapter 7 Form spore to How to proceed in vitro Menéndez V, Arbesú R, Somer M, Revilla A, and Fernández H. Chapter 8 In vitro regeneration systems of Platycerium Camloh M and Ambrozic-Dolinsek J. Chapter 9 Stipule propagation in five Marattioid species native to Taiwan (Marattiaceae; Pteridophyta) Huang Y-M, Huang M-H, Chen C-M, Chiou W-L Chapter 10 Tree ferns from spores to sporophytes Rybczy?ski JJ and Miku?a A. Chapter 11 In Vitro Propagation of Rare and Endangered Serpentine Fern Species Marsza?-Jagacka J and Kromer K Chapter 12 Conservation of fern spores. Ballesteros D. Chapter 13 Exploration of cryo-methods to preserve tree and herbaceous fern gametophytes Miku?a A, Makowski D, Walters C, and Rybczy?ski JJ. Chapter 14 Pteridophyte spores viability Gabriel y Galán JM, and Prada C. Chapter 15 a powerful genetic marker for fern research Jiménez-Soria A. Chapter 16 Diversity in natural fern dominant markers as genetic tools. Peredo EL, Revilla MA, Méndez M, Menéndez V and Fernández H. ENVIRONMENTAL ECOTOXICOLOGY AND BIOREMEDIATION IN FERNS Chapter 17 Mitochondrial activity of fern spores for the evaluation of acute totoxicity in higher plant development Catalá M, Esteban M and García L. Chapter 18 Chronic phytotoxicity in DNA as biomarker of growth and chlorophyll autofluorescence as biomarker of cell function Catalá M and Rodriguez-Gil JL. Chapter 19 Arsenic hyperaccumulator fern Pteris Utilities for arsenic phytoremediation and plant biotechnology Rathinasabapathi B. Chapter 20 Aerobiology of Pteridophyta preliminary results and applications Rodriguez de la Cruz D. THERAPEUTICAL/MEDICINAL APPLICATIONS Chapter 21 Studies on Folk Medicinal An example of "Gusuibu" Chang H-C, Gupta SK and Tsay H-S. Chapter 22 Ecdysteroids in diversity, distribution, biosynthesis and functions Lafont R, Ho R, Raharivelomanana P and Dinan L. Chapter 23 Ferns - from traditional uses to pharmaceutical development; chemical identification of active principles Ho R, Teai T, Bianchini JP, Lafont R and Raharivelomanana P. Chapter 24 Functional activities of ferns for human health Lee CH and Shin SL. Chapter 25 Toxicological and medicinal aspects of the most frequent fern species Pteridium aquilinum Vetter J.