"the land itself was shaped by the mammoths, who tore out trees and trampled the ground where they passed. Other creatures lived in the shadow of the mammoths, depending on the trails they made, using the water holes they opened up with their intelligence and strength. Even the plants, in their mindless way, relied on the mammoths."
Set 16,000 years before the story of Silverhair and last the mammoths, Longtusk is the heart-wrenching story of the end of a geographical era. "The ice is in retreat, driven back by Earth's slow thaw to its millennial fastness at the poles. But it retreats with ill grace, gouging at the land, and all around there are catastrophic climate events of a power and fury unknown to later ages." The millennia of bounty for the great mammals of the steppe, the mastodon, the direwolf, and the gentle Neanderthal is all but over. They species already beyond the threshold for repopulation, already destined to extinction. But still at this moment "The mammoths were the Matriarchs of the world." The ecological richness of this sequel is colossal.
Told with engaging and vivid xenothropic perspective, this is the story of Longtusk, the lost mammoth whose own separation from his family teaches him that one day there may be a last of his kind. He begins as a typical teenager: "he, Longtusk, the centre of the universe, the most important mammoth who ever lived" His world is continually fascinating, including comprehensive research on mammoth physiology, evolutionary biology, and the behaviour of modern elephants to make his society richer than many portrayals of fringe human culture. "The cows used more than twenty kinds of rumble; a basic vocabulary from which they constructed their extremely complex communications. The Bulls only had four rumbles!" "Longtusk did not measure time as the humans did, packing it into regular intervals. Even in summer, time dissolved into a single glowing afternoon" "as if body and land merged into one single organism, pulsing with blood and seasons." But despite his mammoth biological awesomeness, Longtusk wanders too far from his family and finds himself not yet fully grown and lost in the encroaching winter forest.
Here, the sheer breadth of Baxter's speculative grasp blossoms, as Longtusk is brought to one of the last Neanderthal settlements by a young boy named Willow who sees something of himself in Longtusk. The Neanderthals amaze Longtusk, he sees their hearth and toolmaking as signs of immense intelligence. "the Dreamers were capable of much stranger miracles than merely sharpening sticks." Yet their species is all but extinct. "Did they sing of a time when their kind had covered the world? Did they sing of their loss, their diminution to dwindling, isolated groups like this?" There is a beautiful reflection from a mammoth, the last of the great fauna to persist into the modern age, reflecting on their fellow survivors of millennia as they lose the evolutionary struggle. "Willow had grown up in a society which had known no significant change in generations" Yet there are new animals, changing and adapting so fast that they have been severed from this ecological continuity with life.
"What happened to the Fireheads without Longtusk's wisdom, driven by their own foolishness, cold and wet and thirsty? No one knows. Some say they quickly died out. Some say they became monsters."
Man has come to the steppe forest. And like the ancient inhabitants of the Indus valley, Baxter has these Neolithic humans domesticate the ailing mastodons. Longtusk is added to their ranks and matures to adulthood under the shadow of human dominance. "If he could no longer imagine freedom, how could he ever aspire to it?" Longtusk sees human culture, the sprawling mass of life dependent on proto-agriculture as something somehow divorced from the ancient rhythms of the planet and of evolution. "'They would not be content with eking out unchanging lives. And it is that lack of contentment that drives them on to greatness and to horror.'" Even their art lacks life. "Their illusions were transient and flat. These animals had no scent, no voices, no weight to set the Earth ringing. They were just shadows of colour and line." The mastodons are beast of burden, even brought to war against other humans.
But when the mammoth-worshippers go north in order to wait until the last frail mammoths die without water during winter, Longtusk and his great advisor Walks Like Thunder the mastodon can no longer obey. "'And sometimes - despite the training, despite the intoxicating brews - we recall who we are.'" Longtusk has finally found his sister, Splayfoot, and the Rockheart, the first adult Bull he ever met.
Longtusk and the mammoths flee to the East and north, seeking a 'nunatak', a volcanic patch of ground to the far north where grasses flourish. Longtusk is mentally almost broken by a life of domestication: "the Fireheads had provided a structure to every waking moment. Now the future seemed blank and directionless". But Rockheart, uncomplaining and staunch in his innate knowledge of the land, grinds out the safest route. Old Rockheart breaths his last at the threshold of the nunatak, having sent himself on this final pilgrimage knowing he could save the others but not himself.
"Standing here, looking down on the great frozen majesty of the icecap and its rivers, he felt exhilarated, privileged."
When humans come again to their place of refuge, 40 years after the mammoths arrived, Longtusk depart for a great meltwater lake he glimpsed on his journey all those years ago. Reunited with the human girl Chrocus whom he defied, accompanied by Willow who has long accepted he is the last of his kind, Longtusk breaks open the plug of ice holding back the lake and holding back the Baring Straight. Washed away with man and mastodon, Neanderthal and mammother, Longtusk has saved his heard from the advance of humanity.
This book is an epic as great as the towering bones of the mammoths which have enchanted and awed humans for centuries. So acutely sensory you can feel the blisters of ice beneath your feet, Longtusk is one of the bravest and starkest accounts of honour, bravery, and the sincere virtue of life that I have ever read.