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291 pages, Paperback
First published September 7, 2007
Simply stated, atonement is the price paid to reconcile enemies.
In the biblical context, we have the following:
*The offended party is God--the holy and omnipotent sovereign
*The offense is sin of any kind, as defined by the Bible
*The offending party consists of sinners, that is, all humanity
*The penalty is the full force of God's inconceivable eternal wrath
*The price paid on behalf of sinners is the atoning death of Christ.
Because Christ made atonement for our sins by suffering in our place as our substitute, we speak of the substitutionary atonement of Christ. A similar expression used to sum up the work of Christ is penal substitution, meaning that as our substitute, Christ paid the penalty for our sins. (23)
The Great Exchange that results from the death of the perfect sacrifice is a twofold substitution: the charging of the believer's sin to Christ results in God's forgiveness, and the crediting of Christ's righteousness to the believer results in his justification. More than being declared not guilty, in Christ believers are actually declared righteous. (41)