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Queen Emma and the Vikings: A History of Power, Love, and Greed in 11th-Century England

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A stunning history of power, love and greed in 11th-century England - the remarkable story of Queen Emma and the Vikings'Harriet O'Brien recreates this intriguing and complex world with skill and imagination' Daily Telegraph'O'Brien's story is a dramatic one, and her Queen Emma a commanding, shrewd and manipulative figure ... genuinely powerful' GuardianEmma was one of England's most remarkable a formidable woman who made her mark on a Europe beset by Vikings. By birth a Norman, she married and outlived two kings of England and witnessed the coronations of two of her Harthcnut the Viking and Edward the Confessor. She became an unscrupulous political player and was diversely regarded as a generous Christian patron, the admired co-regent of the nation, and a ruthlessly Machiavellian mother.She was, above all, a her life was punctuated by dramatic falls, all of which she overcame. Her story is one of power, politics, love, greed and scandal in an England caught between the Dark Ages and the Norman invasion of 1066.

296 pages, Kindle Edition

First published August 1, 2005

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About the author

Harriet O'Brien

11 books5 followers
Harriet O’Brien is an award-winning author, freelance travel writer and contributing editor to Conde Nast Traveller magazine.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 86 reviews
Profile Image for Maja  - BibliophiliaDK ✨.
1,209 reviews968 followers
January 17, 2025
At first I was completely onboard, I really liked O'Brien's writing, which was almost like fiction in some places. But my enthusiasm slowly faded as I realized how little Emma actually figures in her own biography. Granted, a lot about her is unknown, but it's still weird to read a biography where the subject isn't even mentioned for large portions.
Profile Image for Emma Deplores Goodreads Censorship.
1,422 reviews2,014 followers
abandoned
July 8, 2025
Read through page 71. I was interested in the material, but found the author’s writing style too dry. There isn’t a lot of information about Queen Emma—I think I might’ve already read most of it in Medieval Women—and I don’t mind supplementing with social and political history, but it wasn’t holding my attention. O’Brien also tries to liven it up with short imaginative sections, which I don’t like in nonfiction generally (though at least they’re set off from the rest of the text and the author is clear that she’s speculating) and which also aren’t even that lively. Now I want to read a different book about the Anglo-Saxon period.
Profile Image for Wealhtheow.
2,465 reviews605 followers
September 1, 2009
Queen Emma (called Aelfgifu by most of her subjects) was a strong-willed Norman who was queen of England twice over--first as the wife of Anglo-Saxon king Aethelred, then as the wife of the conquering Danish king Cnut. She had little impact in Aethelred's court, but was (according to O'Brien) very involved in revitalizing Cnut's reputation in Europe through conspicuous acts of piety and generosity. After Cnut's death, she fought long and hard to get one of her sons on the English throne. Cnut's two sons, Harold Harefoot (son of Cnut's first wife, also named Aelfgifu) and Harthacnut (Emma's son) each claimed the throne, but Harold died and Harthacnut was crowned King of England without having to fight. Emma's younger son by Aethelred then returned to England (he had been hiding in Normandy) and joined his half-brother Harthacnut as co-ruler. Harthacnut was a brutal and heavy-handed ruler, and few mourned when he died only a few years later. Edward, later called "Confessor", was then the sole ruler of England. Upon his childless death many years later, Emma's nephew William the Conquerer claimed the throne.

It's fascinating history, but there is frustratingly little known about Emma herself. Today, we only have a few clues, from The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the history she commissioned, the Encomium Emmae.
Profile Image for Lauren Albert.
1,834 reviews191 followers
May 15, 2011
Interesting if not exciting look at what can seem a very alien time. It is not really so much about Emma--it couldnt be a modern style biography because of the lack of evidence about her life. But it places her and her life history into the context of the histories of England, the Viking invasions, and Normandy before the conquest.
73 reviews
November 27, 2015
Oh dear. this was one of those books which I guessed would be difficult because of the lack of historical records on which to base the biography, but I really did feel that the style of writing was too dramatised and not sufficiently supported by the facts available. There was too little critical analysis of how much Emma might have actually been involved and how much might have been cooerced from her, with or without her actual presence or cooperation. Ms O'Briens Emma seems to be a virtuous woman in difficult circumstances with all benefit of the doubt with regard to her relations and the situation politics. There is also a little to little background information presented in order to understand how Ms O'Brien arrived at her opinion and conclusions. Perhaps this was only a flaw in the first part of the book, but it was sufficient to put me off, and I didnt manage to finish reading it.
Profile Image for Elizabeth.
451 reviews5 followers
August 15, 2014
A delightfully readable book.

There are only so many textual sources for Anglo-Saxon history, and O'Brien makes the most of them. So there's familiarity about it, both in the familiar historical information from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles and the tropes we see in television and movies - I found myself thinking from time to time of "Lord of the Rings" and "Game of Thrones".

The book actually has more power and greed in it than love. It was good to see the events of Emma's life (and her lifetime) neatly and chronologically explained, and the fate of her sons and companions.

O'Brien's narrative doesn't leave much sense of Emma's personality or her motivation, but she characterizes her as a survivor - and so she was. Perhaps that was all the motivation she needed.
Profile Image for Julie Yates.
683 reviews4 followers
November 24, 2022
Source: www.openlibrary.net
Beware! False Advertising. Had this been called "A history of England during the life of Emma of Normandy" I would have given 3 or maybe 4 stars. Because the focus is not Emma but the overarching history from her marriage to Æthelred (abt 1003) to her death in 1052 (it's mainly abt King Cnut!) This book is not about Emma until the last section (Part IV Queen Mother) so it failed to live up to it's title! If you don't know anything about the history this would be a good book. But if you already have some background and are seeking greater insight into Queen Emma you will be sadly - nay, totally! - disappointed. [And, as it ends in 1052 it avoids most of Edward the Confessor's reign and the events directly leading to the Noman Conquest.]

Some Positives:
+ Written in a chatty, easy to understand, decidedly non academic way!
+ Lots of "information nuggets": What was interesting -and where I learned something - is the asides she throws in (perhaps because she is missing material on Emma.) O'Brien discusses the actual amounts of weregilds by class, medieval medical remedies, betrothal agreements, random poems, slaves vs ceorls, even how they ate. So a positive is the amount of random fact I picked up: however, since I read this specifically because I wanted to learn about Emma these little information nuggets did not appease me.

Some Negatives:
+ The Vast Majority of this book is NOT about Emma!!!
+ O'Brien starts each chapter with a lengthy present tense fictional retelling of an event. I found them interesting; but it's an odd thing to have in a supposedly nonfictional work.
+ She also makes a lot of unsubstantiated claims like "But she may around this time have had some latent concern about her sons in Normandy" (Well maybe? Sounds reasonable but there is no basis in any factual account, including in her Encomium Emmæ Reginae, to show she was thinking of them.) or "Emma must have been appalled" about Edwards marriage to Edith.
+ She reports as facts things that have multiple possibilities - for example she states as fact Edmund Ironside was murdered but not many historians believe that. (One would think if Edmund had been murdered by Eadric, Emma's book would have noted it!)
+ There is an awful lot of fluff (Which I found interesting and put as a positive, but if you don't care this book will drive you bananas.)

Everything you need to know about this work can be found in the last line, which is factually incorrect:
"Henry who, after a period of civil war, was succeeded by his grandson another Henry, who was succeeded by his son Richard . . . so Emma's bloodline continued." ??? You mean, so Duke Richard I of Normandy's bloodline continued!! Emma is not a direct ancestor of Henry II or Richard I. UGH!

I've requested queen Emma and Queen Edith: Queenship and Women's power in Eleventh-Century English via intra library loan so wish me luck!

Profile Image for Rebecca.
264 reviews45 followers
July 16, 2012
This non-fiction book starts off on a suprisingly narrative and almost fictional note in that it sets the scene of how young Emma, daughter of the Duke Richard of Normandy was set upon a ship to England to marrie a man double her age and seal a strategic alliance against the growing strength of the Vikings. Some people may not like this narrative introduction but I think it adds that extra sparkle and almost depth to the text as it helps the reader imagine what Emma must have been like as each chapter and section goes through the key areas of history and introduce key characters that had a major influence not just on Emma's own life but of course the very history of English rule.
Emma is one of those forgotten queens who sadly reigned not once but twice (as well as strongly in the background of two of her son's reigns - Harthacnut and Edward (the confessor's early rule)) but also in a period of history not often talked about or featured in historical literature both non-fiction and fiction. That is the period before 1066, when King Ethelred the Unready (ill-counciled) was in power and the time when England was actually under Danish rule and formed part of a large scandinavian empire under King Cnut (or Canute if you prefer).
The reader will learn an awful lot not just about Emma but about the world and society she grew up in and will realise that Emma show's the inner strength, cunning and social survival skills that shone through in Queen Elizabeth 1st in the sixteenth century and equally Queen Victoria in the nineteenth century. But I am pleased to say that not one jot of this book is dry or boring. Each chapter is interesting, enriching, enlightening and even entertaining as the first.
If you wish to understand better the background behind 1066 well why not start from where it truly all began, with a similar battle of wills for the throne of England - before Godwinesone vs Hardrada vs Duke William ..... it was Swein/Cnut vs Edmund Ironside and the current King Ethelred who held a shakey stability. And weaving between these great men was one woman who was a foriegner herself - Emma of Normandy who outlived them all.
Profile Image for Steve.
7 reviews2 followers
August 10, 2011
The book is based on what few facts there are about Queen Emma who was the Great-Aunt of William 1 of England. She was the daughter of a Duke, wife of 2 Kings and Mother of 2 Kings. She was determined not to take a back seat to anyone and she paid for it several times. However, her strength and perseverance helped her become a force to be reckoned with in Anglo-Saxon England.

Queen Emma used her diplomatic skills to help shape a Viking Warlord-King into a well-liked sovereign. However, her own propaganda worked against her on several occasions. This book is part historical fact and part Tuchmanesque novel. The facts are many and often contradictory.

Even though we may never know the true Queen Emma, this book provides the reader with a remarkable insight into the lives of the Anglo-Saxon England Nation and their rulers.
Profile Image for Karin.
1,827 reviews33 followers
August 13, 2020
This is about a woman who was officially made queen, was married to two different kings and at least one of her sons ruled England. I have to admit that I am not generally keen on political history, but thought this would be interesting as it was about a Queen and Vikings; I am interested in women's history. However, she really isn't in as much of the book as I would have liked due to lack of good records for some of the times, so there was a lot of stuff about kings and other leaders, etc, that I couldn't care much less about. That said, some of it was interesting and the writing was good enough I can't bring myself to rate it less than two stars. There is more about her in the second half of the book than the first, but since I read it on an old-school type of Kindle I can't easily go back and count the pages, etc, that centre on here. If nothing else, she managed to beat the odds of the day with how long she lived and she was obviously a bright woman, etc.

Profile Image for Amy Turner.
68 reviews11 followers
January 11, 2022
Harriet O'Brien's book on Queen Emma of Normandy promised an interesting account of the life of Emma, the wife of King Aethelred the Unready and later Cnut. There's little evidence available about this queen, as documentary sources typically focused on kings and men, and much was lost over the centuries. As a result, any biography based on this period most likely does offer up some speculation based on available sources. However, there's a difference between evidence-based guessing and wild speculation based on existing medieval tropes. Unfortunately O'Brien falls into this second category, adding emotions and "how so-and-so must have felt" throughout the chapters I could finish.

Additionally, each chapter begins with some cinematic narrative which honestly detracts from the information being presented.

Admittedly, I might be overly critical because I have a master's in history, but I honestly could not finish this book because of how poorly this is written. I would recommend finding other resources about this fascinating woman than this gossipy "biography".
Profile Image for Courtney.
93 reviews5 followers
July 27, 2009
The title is a little misleading, as the book mostly talks AROUND Emma rather than ABOUT her. This is unsurprising, given the lack of hard documentary evidence about the lady herself. There's a lot of discussion about what her husbands and sons did, and what was going on during the time she was living, so if nothing else it's a good introduction to early English history.
Profile Image for Sessi Fletcher.
83 reviews1 follower
April 14, 2023
Hello yes my fave fun fact from this book was that Viking men may have seemed alluring to the Anglo Saxon women because they would brush their hair/beards and would bathe "sometimes even 6x a year" - we love a hygienic king!! I appreciate historical non fiction that is written like a story instead of a high school textbook spewing facts out for you to memorize. Thank you Ms. O'Brien! Emma seemed incredibly interesting.
Profile Image for Peter Fox.
453 reviews11 followers
February 12, 2020
This is an unusual book in that it is ¾ history (herstory?) and ¼ sensible imagining. The imagining comes into play when O'Brien has moved away from the sources and is describing what people may be thinking, or seeing during the course of Emma's life. Some of this is partially based on records, such as descriptions of the decorations on longships, but a lot is decent surmising. This isn't that much of a problem as you can easily spot where she's going off piste.

To be fair, there is a lot of good stuff in this book. It's particularly good on Harald Harefoot and Harthacnut, two kings who are generally skipped over in the same way that the sequels to Highlander are usually ignored – they're there, but not thought that interesting to talk about much. That doesn't mean that there's a huge amount to say about them here either, but there is more than in most books and the uncertainty is well brought out. When it comes to the authorship of the letters sent to Edward and Alfred, she remains on the fence over whether it was Emma or Harald Harefoot. This is not an unenviable position as it's like trying to decide between Dick Dastardly and Baron Greenback as to who's the most trustworthy.

O'Brien's a good writer and this book is an easy enough read. There are a couple of factual hiccups, but only in things that she mentions in passing. Ie, she gets the centuries wrong for the reigns of Cynegils and Ecgbert, is inaccurate in the comment about there being no prisons in Anglo-Saxon England (Laws of Alfred, Aethelstan, Juliana's poem, etc) and she does take an ASC entry of the enemy in the East our soldiers in the West, enemy in the South our soldiers in the North, rather literally. I was a bit surprised that there no mention of the putative raid on Normandy by Aethelraed, but ce la vie.

Three things you'll take away from this book:

1, Emma probably wouldn't have won mother of the year at any time
2, how small the political world of England, Denmark and North West Europe was
3, Edward the Confessor probably didn't smile a lot
Profile Image for G. Lawrence.
Author 50 books277 followers
February 20, 2017
An excellent, smooth narrated biography of Emma and her world. Really enjoyable!
Profile Image for Care.
42 reviews3 followers
April 27, 2011
Quick Version

A history of Emma, Norman wife of two kings of England (one Anglo-Saxon and one Dane), mother of two kings of England, and great-aunt of William the Conqueror.

Long Version

Emma is every historian’s dream subject. Born into a position destined to make her a pawn in the power plays of the highest nobility, Emma had the intelligence and the cunning to rise to eminence in a world where women were undereducated and disregarded.

Despite a length of less than three hundred pages, this book does an excellent job telling not only Emma’s story, but the tale of the time in which she lived. This is a period of English history full of shifting politics and cultures. Alfred the Great had ruled shortly before, the apex of Anglo-Saxon England. Emma’s first husband, the inept Aethelred led to its ruin. Cnut the Dane conquered England and in a stunning move married the popular and recently widowed Queen Emma. Following his demise, Emma held on long enough to put not just one, but two sons, one by Aethelred and one by Cnut, on to England’s throne.

In addition to the machinations of politics, Harriet O’Brien paints a vivid picture of life at all levels of society during Emma’s lifespan, interspersing her portrait with useful tidbits such as which food items would not have been seen and when they were first cultivated in England. I finally learned the difference between mead and ale!

I highly recommend this history to readers of Helen Hollick’s historical fiction, [B]The Forever Queen[/B] and its recently released sequel [B]I am the Chosen King[/B]. It also stands on its own as a wonderfully readable account of the life and times of a woman too often overlooked in the annals of history.
Profile Image for Jamie Collins.
1,556 reviews307 followers
April 14, 2016
This is a short history of England in the decades before the Norman Conquest. The author centers her story on Emma of Normandy, who arrived in the year 1002 to marry the aging English king, but this is not a biography. There is very little personal information available about any of these people who lived 1000 year ago and were for the most part illiterate.

The book is accessible and entertaining. The author gets a little fanciful sometimes, using educated guesses to flesh out scenes which are not documented in any detail. This feels a little unscholarly, but it serves to give the reader a better sense of place and time.

She tries to judge the quality and accuracy of historical records, and often supplies the reader with multiple versions of events. A lot of information comes from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, but another surviving contemporary source is the Encomium Emmae Reginae, a book commissioned by Emma herself, to tell the version of history she found most useful at the time. Many historical accounts were written decades after the events themselves, and many are written with obvious agendas, if only to scandalize or entertain the reader.

Emma makes a great focus for the history, especially because of her marriage first to an Anglo-Saxon king, and then to the viking conqueror Cnut. She was queen consort of England for more than 30 years, and the mother of Edward the Confessor, and great-aunt of William the Conqueror.

It’s fascinating to read about England as a part of the “North Sea Empire”. Cnut ruled England competently for almost 20 years, but his reign is overshadowed by the Conquest.
Profile Image for Louise.
1,848 reviews383 followers
October 17, 2013
Twice Crowned Queen. Twice a Queen Mother.

It's clear that Emma didn't passively attain this distinction, so how did she do it? The records for the era are hardly extensive, so the biographer has a lot of work to do.

O'Brien did the work and has produced a solid bio. I particularly liked the parts on how Emma commissioned her book and how the assigned monk may have constructed her spin on history. I also liked the chronological chart at the end which sets Emma and her time within not just a European timeline, but also a worldwide framework.

The amount of research that goes into a volume like this is to be respected, but I held back a star because the question of how Queen Emma made her comebacks is only technically answered. You do not get the feeling you understand Emma the way you come to understand the central characters in a Fraser or Weir biography.


Profile Image for Laurel Bradshaw.
890 reviews81 followers
November 19, 2007
Book Description from Amazon.com

“A lively account of the harsh realities of war and politics in this era, the vagaries of political marriage and the thin line between invaders and settlers.”—Publishers Weekly

Emma, one of England’s most remarkable queens, made her mark on a nation beset by Viking raiders at the end of the Dark Ages. At the center of a triangle of Anglo Saxons, Vikings, and Normans all jostling for control of England, Emma was a political pawn who became an unscrupulous manipulator. Regarded by her contemporaries as a generous Christian patron, an admired regent, and a Machiavellian mother, Emma was, above all, a survivor: hers was a life marked by dramatic reversals of fortune, all of which she overcame.
296 reviews1 follower
June 11, 2016
This is another of those books that should have been a chapter in another book. There are too few records about Emma in this period, but it seems to be the vogue to write about queens from the medieval period about which little is known.
I didn't like the style at all, it was too much like a docu-drama with the author trying to guess what historical characters would be feeling or thinking.
I admit that I knew little about Emma or Cnut before this book and I know more now, which is why it gets two stars, not one. But the style of writing, the fact that it is more about England just before the Norman Conquest rather than Emma herself means that I wouldn't recommend this book. I am sure there are many better books covering this period that don't read like a novel.
Profile Image for Dearbhla.
641 reviews12 followers
Read
July 7, 2010
This is the story of Queen Emma, by birth a Norman, who married two kings of England. Her first marriage was as peacemaker between her family and England. Her second came about because Cnut defeated her first husband and came to power. She was, in effect, the spoils.

But Emma was not a woman to be taken lightly, nor was she one to sit back and let events unfold. This book attempts to show her as an active, manipulating Queen, one who held power in her own right.

Full review: http://www.susanhatedliterature.net/2...
Profile Image for Terri.
1,354 reviews706 followers
February 9, 2009
I knew nothing about Emma when I read this book. Nor really all the viking invasions of England. I never knew they had Viking kings. The history lesson was interesting, but it often felt like reading a textbook and was rather slow going.
Profile Image for Stephanie.
8 reviews5 followers
September 30, 2024
I gave this book 4 stars as I know it can be difficult to write biographies of people from 1000 years ago, particularly women, as there are scant sources available and those that do exist normally have heavy biases. I felt this author did a pretty good job with the resources available and set the scene well for being able to see Emma in the context of events in England and the surrounding countries at the time.

I found the second half of the book easier to get through than the first half, I felt like we saw a little bit more of Emma directly towards the end, rather than just the men and events surrounding her.
For the first part of the book I was a bit confused though, as the long descriptive passages at the beginning of each chapter made me think at one point it was actully historical fiction I was reading rather than historical fact. This felt a bit odd in a history book, but I can understand the author was trying to give as much detail about the bits that we do know, to try and allow us to picture what happened and to make up for the many things that are unknown.

Overall I found the book fairly easy to read and the chapters weren't too long, which I found really helped me keep up with reading it.
471 reviews8 followers
July 16, 2020
This was a really enjoyable read about Emma of Normandy (although not so much a biography due to limited information about her) but about the world she lived in, especially as she was first married to a much older Anglo-Saxon King and then a Viking conqueror who was about 10 years younger than her.

I liked that the author provided different versions of events from different sources (often many decades after the events took place) and the motives behind why certain sources would present their version of events. Having just finished a book on King Cnut this was an excellent book to follow-on. Without the conquest in 1066, King Cnut may be remembered differently and it appears his marriage to Emma was one based on trust and mutual respect.

Even with little information available, Emma seemed to be a formidable woman who was Queen of England for 3 decades and not only the mother of Edward the Confessor but great-aunt of William the Conqueror (these family trees are so complicated and everyone is related to each other!)
Profile Image for Justin Neville.
312 reviews13 followers
June 20, 2022
A very readable biography of the life and times of a key historical character. Wife of two kings of England, mother of two more, and the main reason William the Conqueror was able to claim himself entitled to invade and control England, changing the face of the country forever.

Some reviewers here seem dissatisfied that some of Emma's story as related in this book is speculation or supposition. But that is inevitable for the period - given the paucity of documentation extant (especially about a female) and the likelihood that even most royals of the time were illiterate. Much of what we have to go on are chronicles - few of which are either impartial or contemporary. Nonetheless, I think the author does an excellent job of presenting clearly what is reliable and what is educated extrapolation or interpretation.
Profile Image for Gayla Bassham.
1,328 reviews35 followers
May 16, 2020
Cersei Lannister has nothing on this woman -- you can't help but wonder whether Emma was in fact one of the inspirations for Cersei. I don't love everything about the way this book is written -- I found the switch between present tense at the beginning of every chapter to past tense at the end of every chapter to be pretty jarring -- but the story it tells of political machinations and family drama in the Viking Age definitely holds your attention.
Profile Image for Karen.
1,038 reviews2 followers
April 16, 2021
I have to give the author credit for trying to make a whole book out of Emma's story. She certainly had to fill it with a lot of other British history, but it was well done overall. I wasn't crazy about the changing of the tense when going from "story telling" to historical facts. But it was somewhat effective in letting you know in a short tale at the beginning of each chapter just what would be covered in that section.
Profile Image for Emma.
813 reviews6 followers
February 18, 2024
Written in a pretty conversational style (makes sense since the author is a journalist) so it’s approachable for any reader. Interesting to learn about pre-Norman England. I think I would have preferred it if the framing was a bit different, more like “here’s the what the book she had written about herself in her lifetime says, here’s how other sources confirm or deny that information” since the fact of her book is so interesting.
223 reviews
July 15, 2017
A good start on the Viking/Norman/Anglo Saxon era of England. Helped me understand what was going on then a lot easier. What a different culture than today. Emma marries the enemy essentially.
As with most history a millennia old, there are a lot of gaps, so I have put some fiction on my list surrounding this era.
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