The last Shah, Reza Shah Pahlevi, led a big life and a lot of it is packed between the covers of this book. Each chapter begins with a Shakespearean quote, which befits this palace drama. The book starts with Mohammad Rezi Shah Pahlevi's usurpation of the throne and ends with his Reza Shah Pahlevi's (his son's) abdication and death.
If you have a background in recent Iranian history, the book is a lot to absorb. There is a huge cast of characters, issues and plots. The author has 4 reasons (specified on p. 441) for the ousting of a regime that modernized Iran and had a 20% annual economic growth rate. The book emphasizes the issues that defend these points.
While I am not steeped in this, I felt that there were two factors not explored. The first is Shah's vast wealth and the second is what appeared to be the structure of (or acceptance of a custom for) Iran's government at the time.
The Shah's fortune is treated as a "fact". Milani explains the speculations on how much he had, how it was divided among his family and something of the Pahlevi Foundation. He does not show much about how this wealth was acquired and managed, nor, anything about the means of corruption involved in obtaining it. From the text, you could assume that the Shah made a fabulous salary and invested wisely.
Another factor that doesn't seem to get notice is a fundamental flaw in the governmental structure. How can you have a (constitutional or other) democracy with the Shah appointing the Prime Minister, Chief of Staff, Minister or War and other top people? Western governments conspired with the Shah to oust a democratically elected leader and following this, the Shah seems to appoint top people with no opposition to his right to do this. As long as the Shah appointed these officials, they would answer to him and not the people. The changes the west was pushing him to make would be just tinkering around the edges unless or until this fundamental policy changed.
There were a lot of interesting side bars. Mohammad Mosaddeq was a colorful character .... working in pajamas long before the proverbial blogger. Anything to do with the 2000 year bash (from the guest and attendance list to the need to clear snakes) was fascinating. The small but influential group who pushed President Carter (Henry Kissinger who threatened to hold up a treaty with Russia and banking interests) allow the Shah into the US to bore no responsibility for the fall out. For Carter there was 400+ days of hostage holding, and some say an election was lost, all for this leader who was a some time "friend" of the US.
The personality of Shah of this book is hard to fathom. He seems very stiff and formal, but there is a party side. There is a changing group of people (the Queen?) who "procure" women for him. His twin sister, Princess Ashraf, who is in and out of his public and private life is curious as is the schoolmate from Le Rosey, Ernest Perron, who lived his final days with the Shaw's sister, Shams.
The book needs photos particularly when their content is referenced (i.e. the childhood photo where the positions of future Shah and his twin Asfhraf mirror their role in the family structure.) The biography ends in Egypt, but could use a brief follow up on the royal family.
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