1 – Using Writing to Promote Thinking
p.8 – Develop Strategies to Include Exploratory Writing, Talking, and Reflection in Your Courses – Good writing grows out of good talking – either talking with classmates or talking dialogically with oneself through exploratory writing.
2 – How Writing is Related to Critical Thinking
p.22 – The View of Knowledge Underlying Academic Writing – For the most part, formal academic writing requires analytical or argumentative thinking. Such writing is initiated by a problem or question and is typically characterized by a controlling thesis statement supported by a hierarchical structure of reasons and evidence. The thesis statement is the writer’s one-sentence summary of his or her argument – the writer’s “answer” or “solution” to the question or problem that drives the essay.
p.30 – Present Knowledge as Dialogic Rather Than Informational – We need to show students that our course readings (and our lectures) are not “information” but arguments.
p.33 – A Positivist Model of the Writing Process:
1. Choose a topic
2. Narrow it
3. Write a thesis
4. Make an outline
5. Write a draft
6. Revise
7. Edit
p.35 – Suggestions for Encouraging Revision:
1. Problem-driven model of the writing process – instead of asking students to choose “topics” and narrow them, encourage students to pose a question or problems and explore them
2. Give problem-focused writing assignments – students are most apt to revise when their essays must be responses to genuine problems
3. Create active learning tasks that help students become posers and explorers of questions
4. Develop strategies for peer review of drafts, either in class or out of class
9 – Helping Students Read Difficult Texts
p.170 – Teach Students “What It Says” and “What It Does” – A “what it says” statement is a summary of the paragraph’s content. A “what it does” statement describes the paragraph’s purpose or function within the essay: for example, “provides evidence for the author’s first main reason,” summarizes an opposing view,” “uses an analogy to clarify the idea in the previous paragraph.”
p.174 – Help Students See that All Texts Are Trying to Change Their View:
1. Before I read this text, the author assumed that I believed…
2. After I finished reading this text, the author wanted me to believe…
3. The author was / was not successful in changing my view. Why or why not?
13 – Designing and Sequencing Assignments to Teach Undergraduate Research
p.229 – The Difficult Subskills of Research Writing:
1. Ask research questions that are interesting, significant, and pursuable at the undergraduate level
2. Establish a rhetorical context (audience, genre, and purpose)
3. Integrate sources into the paper
4. Take thoughtful notes
5. Cite and document sources
p.250 – Explaining the “moves” in an academic introduction:
1. Begin by explaining the problem your paper will address – the writer’s goal is to hook the reader’s interest in the problem being examined, showing why the problem is problematic and what is at stake in solving it.
2. Present your paper’s purpose or thesis
3. Provide an overview of outline of your paper “First, I will show…; the second part of the paper explores…’ finally, I show…”
15 – Coaching the Writing Process
p.293 – Paired Interview Questions:
1. What problem or question is your paper going to address?
2. Why is this question controversial or problematic? Why is it significant? What makes this a good question to address?
3. What is your one sentence answer to this question?
4. Talk me through your whole argument
p.295 – Have Students Submit Something Early in the Writing Process:
• Two Sentences: Question and Thesis – ask students to submit two sentences: a one-sentence question that summarizes the problem the paper addresses and a one-sentence thesis that summarizes the writer’s argument in response to the question.
• Abstract – ask students for a 100- to 200-word abstract of their drafts. The act of summarizing one’s own argument helps writers clarify their own thinking and often reveals organizational and conceptual problems that prompt revision.
p.296 – In-Class Peer Review Workshops – students exchange drafts before class and do the reviews as homework, following the instructions on a peer-review sheet prepared by the teacher. Peer Reviewers then meet with writers in class to discuss their reviews.
p.297 – Questions for Peer Reviews:
1. Does the paper have a thesis statement? (underline it)
2. Is the thesis clear?
3. Is the paper clearly organized? (make an outline)
4. Does the writer use evidence effectively to support the argument? (Which evidence do you think is the strongest, which are the weakest? Make note.)
5. Is the paper clearly written (highlight any passages you had to read more than once to understand what the writer was saying)
6. How persuasive is the argument? (do you agree or disagree with the writer’s position? Why or why not?)
p.307 – Make an idea map to brainstorm for more ideas, make an outline to help with organization, have students talk through the ideas to clear up confusing spots (“my purpose in this paper is…” “my purpose in this paragraph is…”