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Gettysburg: Memory, Market, and an American Shrine
The site of North America's greatest battle is a national icon, a byword for the Civil War, and an American cliché. Described as "the most American place in America," Gettysburg is defended against commercial desecration like no other historic site. Yet even as schoolchildren learn to revere the place where Lincoln delivered his most famous speech, Gettysburg's image generates millions of dollars every year from touring, souvenirs, reenactments, films, games, collecting, and the Internet. Examining Gettysburg's place in American culture, this book finds that the selling of Gettysburg is older than the shrine itself.
Gettysburg entered the market not with recent interest in the Civil War nor even with twentieth-century tourism but immediately after the battle. Founded by a modern industrial society with the capacity to deliver uniform images to millions, Gettysburg, from the very beginning, reflected the nation's marketing trends as much as its patriotism. Gettysburg's pilgrims--be they veterans, families on vacation, or Civil War reenactors--have always been modern consumers escaping from the world of work and responsibility even as they commemorate. And it is precisely this commodification of sacred ground, this tension between commerce and commemoration, that animates Gettysburg's popularity.
Gettysburg continues to be a current rather than a past event, a site that reveals more about ourselves as Americans than the battle it remembers. Gettysburg is, as it has been since its famous battle, both a cash cow and a revered symbol of our most deeply held values.
Gettysburg entered the market not with recent interest in the Civil War nor even with twentieth-century tourism but immediately after the battle. Founded by a modern industrial society with the capacity to deliver uniform images to millions, Gettysburg, from the very beginning, reflected the nation's marketing trends as much as its patriotism. Gettysburg's pilgrims--be they veterans, families on vacation, or Civil War reenactors--have always been modern consumers escaping from the world of work and responsibility even as they commemorate. And it is precisely this commodification of sacred ground, this tension between commerce and commemoration, that animates Gettysburg's popularity.
Gettysburg continues to be a current rather than a past event, a site that reveals more about ourselves as Americans than the battle it remembers. Gettysburg is, as it has been since its famous battle, both a cash cow and a revered symbol of our most deeply held values.
288 pages, Hardcover
First published April 7, 2003
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Displaying 1 - 5 of 5 reviews
July 11, 2023
This is a fascinating study of American culture, class, and capitalism judged through the lens of our changing relationship to Gettysburg Battlefield National Park. A battlefield that became a tourist attraction before the bodies were buried, it continues to be both a national shrines and a most popular tourist attraction. Yet, for each generation Gettysburg has had different meanings, different appeals, and has been marketed to different social classes. The book examines the changing appeal of Gettysburg to the American psyche to draw some conclusions on how we view our history and see ourselves, why we create our national myths, and how we imagine and re-imagine ourselves as a people.
This book hit close to home for me because my childhood experience fit squarely within its scope. My father was a Civil War buff, and our family made several pilgrimages to Gettysburg. Numerous black and white photos show me as a kid posing with my Union cap, sword and gun on various cannons and monuments throughout the park. Our oft told family legend even claims that Dad took Mom to Gettysburg on their honeymoon. Chapter Six, “Automobiles and Family Touring,” could have been referencing our family albums.
This is a book of social historical criticism. If you prefer to take our national mythology at face value you should give it a pass. The author is aggressive with how he questions our social conventions, and he seems to like to poke sacred cows just to hear them moo. He turned this iconic American shrine into a mirror to show us ourselves, a clever trick nicely done.
This book hit close to home for me because my childhood experience fit squarely within its scope. My father was a Civil War buff, and our family made several pilgrimages to Gettysburg. Numerous black and white photos show me as a kid posing with my Union cap, sword and gun on various cannons and monuments throughout the park. Our oft told family legend even claims that Dad took Mom to Gettysburg on their honeymoon. Chapter Six, “Automobiles and Family Touring,” could have been referencing our family albums.
This is a book of social historical criticism. If you prefer to take our national mythology at face value you should give it a pass. The author is aggressive with how he questions our social conventions, and he seems to like to poke sacred cows just to hear them moo. He turned this iconic American shrine into a mirror to show us ourselves, a clever trick nicely done.
July 8, 2023
How Americans Have Visited Gettysburg
Almost immediately after the Battle of Gettysburg, (July 1 -- July 3, 1863), Americans recognized that a pivotal event in the Nation's history had occurred. The tactics and strategies used by the Armies, the significance of the Battle to the result of the Civil War and to the nature and purpose of our country continue to be debated vigorously.
Literally at the moment the armies left Gettysburg with the dead and wounded still on the field, tourists began to visit the battlefield, some to gape from curiosity and some to ponder the battle and its significance.
Jim Weeks's "Gettysburg: Memory, Market and an American Shrine" (2003) tells the story of tourism at Gettysburg and of its changes in character over the years as the United States changed. He sees a basic tension in Gettysburg visitors and in the manner in which Gettysburg is presented to its visitors. On the one hand, Gettysburg is a shrine, hallowed ground, commemorating an important event in our history. It is thus a place for contemplation and reflection about the American experience. On the other hand, Gettysburg is a tourist destination and a place of pleasure and commercialism Visitors come seeking souvenirs, good food, hotels, and entertainment. Those purveying the town and its attractions to the visitors are interested in earning a living and in commercial success.
Weeks does a good job tracing the relationship between these goals as he examines the history of tourist visits to Gettysburg. He shows how after the battle Gettysburg appealed to "genteel tourists" who had the leisure and means to travel. With the resurgence of veterans groups, the battlefield became bedecked with monuments which required leisure to read and to comtemplate. Shortly after the monmuments were constructed, more Americans began to share in the benefits of prosperity. They sought entertainment at Gettysburg and mass attractions with the coming of the railroads. In the mid-20th century, American culture changed again with the onset of the automobile and the onset of family touring with children. The new century, Weeks argues, sees a more framgmented United States, with Gettysburg appealing primarily to men, to reenactors of Battles and to Civil War hobbyists and "buffs".
Weeks' book is well-documented. He offers the reader a good factual overview of the history of Gettysburg tourism and relates it well, on the whole, to trends in American society. His book is also thoughtful and his points worth considering even when the reader may disagree with him.
A major problem I found with this book was in what I found to be its patronizing voice. Weeks is surely right to emphasize how changes in society have affected the way Americans view Gettysburg and what those who visit the battlefield expect from their trip. However, as he passes through the various kinds of tourism over the years at Gettysburg, Weeks adopts an overly-mocking tone. For every type of tourist and era of tourism, Weeks is critical. He is adept at pointing out the shorcomings of individual visions, but not emphatic enough in understanding what it is that brought people to Gettysburg over the years and why this was valuable, with our without the commercialism and the foibles of each individual age. He plays different visions of Gettysburg off one against the other and is particularly critical of modern tourism and what he sees as the cult of "heritage" and "authenticity". Some sense of charity and symphathy with the diverse goals people have had in visiting Gettysburg -- the pleasurable and the uplifting -- would have been welcome.
I found this book a good factual history. I found the book's tone and its way of analyzing and presenting the facts less than convincing.
Robin Friedman
Almost immediately after the Battle of Gettysburg, (July 1 -- July 3, 1863), Americans recognized that a pivotal event in the Nation's history had occurred. The tactics and strategies used by the Armies, the significance of the Battle to the result of the Civil War and to the nature and purpose of our country continue to be debated vigorously.
Literally at the moment the armies left Gettysburg with the dead and wounded still on the field, tourists began to visit the battlefield, some to gape from curiosity and some to ponder the battle and its significance.
Jim Weeks's "Gettysburg: Memory, Market and an American Shrine" (2003) tells the story of tourism at Gettysburg and of its changes in character over the years as the United States changed. He sees a basic tension in Gettysburg visitors and in the manner in which Gettysburg is presented to its visitors. On the one hand, Gettysburg is a shrine, hallowed ground, commemorating an important event in our history. It is thus a place for contemplation and reflection about the American experience. On the other hand, Gettysburg is a tourist destination and a place of pleasure and commercialism Visitors come seeking souvenirs, good food, hotels, and entertainment. Those purveying the town and its attractions to the visitors are interested in earning a living and in commercial success.
Weeks does a good job tracing the relationship between these goals as he examines the history of tourist visits to Gettysburg. He shows how after the battle Gettysburg appealed to "genteel tourists" who had the leisure and means to travel. With the resurgence of veterans groups, the battlefield became bedecked with monuments which required leisure to read and to comtemplate. Shortly after the monmuments were constructed, more Americans began to share in the benefits of prosperity. They sought entertainment at Gettysburg and mass attractions with the coming of the railroads. In the mid-20th century, American culture changed again with the onset of the automobile and the onset of family touring with children. The new century, Weeks argues, sees a more framgmented United States, with Gettysburg appealing primarily to men, to reenactors of Battles and to Civil War hobbyists and "buffs".
Weeks' book is well-documented. He offers the reader a good factual overview of the history of Gettysburg tourism and relates it well, on the whole, to trends in American society. His book is also thoughtful and his points worth considering even when the reader may disagree with him.
A major problem I found with this book was in what I found to be its patronizing voice. Weeks is surely right to emphasize how changes in society have affected the way Americans view Gettysburg and what those who visit the battlefield expect from their trip. However, as he passes through the various kinds of tourism over the years at Gettysburg, Weeks adopts an overly-mocking tone. For every type of tourist and era of tourism, Weeks is critical. He is adept at pointing out the shorcomings of individual visions, but not emphatic enough in understanding what it is that brought people to Gettysburg over the years and why this was valuable, with our without the commercialism and the foibles of each individual age. He plays different visions of Gettysburg off one against the other and is particularly critical of modern tourism and what he sees as the cult of "heritage" and "authenticity". Some sense of charity and symphathy with the diverse goals people have had in visiting Gettysburg -- the pleasurable and the uplifting -- would have been welcome.
I found this book a good factual history. I found the book's tone and its way of analyzing and presenting the facts less than convincing.
Robin Friedman
March 26, 2013
After I visited Gettysburg for the first time in 2009, I came away wondering about the history of the park itself. The room in the visitor center detailing the park's expansion over the years, the demolition of the infamous tower, and the efforts to restore the park grounds to their 1863 appearance seemed fascinating. As far as I could tell, no such book existed and I filed the idea under "things I might someday write a book about."
Forward to 2012. Looking for some other books at my college library, I stumbled across this book and eagerly picked it up. Boy was I disappointed. After picking it up and putting it down many times, I am finally throwing in the towel after 75 pages.
What had seemed so fascinating in theory was turned out to be dreadfully boring. Perhaps the author's focus was the problem for me: there is a great deal of attention to the cultural aspects of the park and the reasons for the presentation of Gettysburg (both town and battlefield) to visitors and why visitors showed up. The term "genteel" was used more times in this book than in all other times I have seen or heard it in my life combined. I don't know if that's unavoidable or if a more straightforward history would be viable in book length.
Bottom line, it just wasn't an enjoyable read for me.
Forward to 2012. Looking for some other books at my college library, I stumbled across this book and eagerly picked it up. Boy was I disappointed. After picking it up and putting it down many times, I am finally throwing in the towel after 75 pages.
What had seemed so fascinating in theory was turned out to be dreadfully boring. Perhaps the author's focus was the problem for me: there is a great deal of attention to the cultural aspects of the park and the reasons for the presentation of Gettysburg (both town and battlefield) to visitors and why visitors showed up. The term "genteel" was used more times in this book than in all other times I have seen or heard it in my life combined. I don't know if that's unavoidable or if a more straightforward history would be viable in book length.
Bottom line, it just wasn't an enjoyable read for me.
June 9, 2015
After counting 8 typos and grammatical errors, I stopped keeping track. Such shoddy editorial workmanship does not say much for the quality of the Princeton University Press.
And unfortunately, the content mirrors the shoddiness of the form. The author seldom takes the many opportunities available to him to show pictures and tell the stories of Gettysburg tourist attractions, but states and restates his broad generalizations without attempting to prove them.
How boring, vapid, and meaningless. If this is what currently passes for historical research and writing, today's academia is in deep trouble.
A major disappointment for what could have been a fun and informative book.
And unfortunately, the content mirrors the shoddiness of the form. The author seldom takes the many opportunities available to him to show pictures and tell the stories of Gettysburg tourist attractions, but states and restates his broad generalizations without attempting to prove them.
How boring, vapid, and meaningless. If this is what currently passes for historical research and writing, today's academia is in deep trouble.
A major disappointment for what could have been a fun and informative book.
Read
September 12, 2011A slow read as it took all summer to complete, but definitely worth reading. It gave me a new perspective for the battlefield. With each new generation, a new marketing strategy dictated how the battlefield was offered to the public. We are now in the Heritage stage, where history is being delivered in the form of education combined with entertainment. What started as a genteel driven park, has evolved into a living historical model. It will be interesting to see how the next generation defines Gettysburg.
Displaying 1 - 5 of 5 reviews