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The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, Volume II

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This edition features reliable, accessible translations; useful editorial materials; and a straightforward presentation of the Objections and Replies, including the objections from Caterus, Arnauld, and Hobbes, accompanied by Descartes' replies, in their entirety. The letter serving as a reply to Gassendi--in which several of Descartes' associates present Gassendi's best arguments and Descartes' replies--conveys the highlights and important issues of their notoriously extended exchange. Roger Ariew's illuminating Introduction discusses the Meditations and the intellectual environment surrounding its reception.

428 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1641

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René Descartes

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Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) and Principles of Philosophy (1644), main works of French mathematician and scientist René Descartes, considered the father of analytic geometry and the founder of modern rationalism, include the famous dictum "I think, therefore I am."

A set of two perpendicular lines in a plane or three in space intersect at an origin in Cartesian coordinate system. Cartesian coordinate, a member of the set of numbers, distances, locates a point in this system. Cartesian coordinates describe all points of a Cartesian plane.

From given sets, {X} and {Y}, one can construct Cartesian product, a set of all pairs of elements (x, y), such that x belongs to {X} and y belongs to {Y}.

Cartesian philosophers include Antoine Arnauld.



René Descartes, a writer, highly influenced society. People continue to study closely his writings and subsequently responded in the west. He of the key figures in the revolution also apparently influenced the named coordinate system, used in planes and algebra.

Descartes frequently sets his views apart from those of his predecessors. In the opening section of the Passions of the Soul , a treatise on the early version of now commonly called emotions, he goes so far to assert that he writes on his topic "as if no one had written on these matters before." Many elements in late Aristotelianism, the revived Stoicism of the 16th century, or earlier like Saint Augustine of Hippo provide precedents. Naturally, he differs from the schools on two major points: He rejects corporeal substance into matter and form and any appeal to divine or natural ends in explaining natural phenomena. In his theology, he insists on the absolute freedom of act of creation of God.

Baruch Spinoza and Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz later advocated Descartes, a major figure in 17th century Continent, and the empiricist school of thought, consisting of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume, opposed him. Leibniz and Descartes, all well versed like Spinoza, contributed greatly. Descartes, the crucial bridge with algebra, invented the coordinate system and calculus. Reflections of Descartes on mind and mechanism began the strain of western thought; much later, the invention of the electronic computer and the possibility of machine intelligence impelled this thought, which blossomed into the Turing test and related thought. His stated most in §7 of part I and in part IV of Discourse on the Method .

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Displaying 1 - 4 of 4 reviews
Profile Image for Alan Johnson.
Author 6 books267 followers
collections-partially-read
March 26, 2020
I have posted a paper titled “Descartes on Free Will” here. This essay addresses the question of René Descartes’s position on free will in light of the interpretive difficulties, including contradictions, in his writings on this subject. It constitutes the section on Descartes in Chapter 2 of my forthcoming book Free Will and Human Life.

Alan E. Johnson
March 26, 2020
Profile Image for JDP.
13 reviews1 follower
October 29, 2007
descartes is the greatest thinker of all time. this volume contains his masterpiece, the meditations, as well as the objections and replies to his brilliant opus. reading these works changed my life. i plan on spending the rest of my life studying the contents of this book.
Profile Image for Tom Stoneman.
17 reviews
February 11, 2024
‘Let whoever can do so deceive me, he will never bring it about that I am nothing, so long as I continue to think that I am something’

Bro really went from existential crisis to proving the existence of everything in 6 days. Writes like a poet and argues like a true philosopher, this goes hard in English because it’s been translated beautifully from Latin. Doesn’t matter if you study the subject or not, Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy are a must read for all!
Profile Image for Lance Lusk.
93 reviews1 follower
November 5, 2024
This is my second close reading separated by many years and I am still struck with the clarity and readability of this fine translation. Highly recommended for readers who want to know if they exist, whether God exists, and the nature of their souls.
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