“The land of adoption is fertile ground for the secret; it blooms and blossoms and flourishes; everywhere you dig, there’s a fresh gnarled root.”
Jackie Kay was born out of the brief relationship between a Nigerian student and a Scottish nurse in Aberdeen in the early 1960s. Adopted by a wonderful Scottish couple who were Communist Party members and never thought of race as an issue, she became one of Britain’s best-known poets. This memoir of her search for her birth parents opens with a wonderful sequence in which her 73-year-old father, a religious zealot, tries to convert her in the Abuja Hilton. (What irony that this man who wished she’d never been born – since she was a symbol of his sin – would insist she must be born again!) She’d met her birth mother, Elizabeth, some years ago – also in a Hilton hotel, in Milton Keynes. It’s these kinds of ironies, doublings, contrasts and coincidences that really made this memoir stand out for me.
Over the years Kay’s imperfect relationships with her birth parents continued, though haltingly. She met with Elizabeth several times, though her mother’s advancing dementia made things more difficult – there’s a great scene in which they set off to find her church, where they’re meant to have a soup lunch, but Elizabeth has no idea where it is and has to keep stopping to ask strangers. Kay brings quiet wit to such moments, seeing absurdity and humor rather than dwelling on the sadness. Jonathan was less willing to let his daughter into his life, though. She asked to see him when she returned to Nigeria in 2009 for a program run by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, but he told her he wished her well but wanted her to move on with her life. Instead, she went on an mishap-plagued road trip in search of her ancestral village and met up briefly with her eldest half-brother, Sidney. This stage of her quest is set up as a joyful finale and makes for a gripping final third to the book.
Kay writes with real warmth and a quiet wit. The recreated dialogue, at least with her adoptive parents, must be based on recorded interviews – it’s so authentic, with the dialect successfully but not cartoonishly rendered. Red Dust Road is also a sensitive treatment of belonging and identity. The urge to find one’s origins is, of course, common in many adopted people, but there was another dimension here. As a mixed-race woman, Kay felt like she was too black for Scotland but not black enough in Nigeria. There was always this question of whether she could fit in, especially as she started making her own family as a lesbian woman (Carol Ann Duffy was her partner for 15 years).
The book’s nonlinear structure can be offputting at times; it’s unclear what all the brief sections inhabiting her mind at earlier points in her life have to add to the whole. There is one chapter, reliving family holidays with her adoptive parents, that feels particularly rambly and unnecessary. If you think of the memoir as being like a family photo album, though, such snapshots help to fill in the background.
In my book club we talked a lot about the people we know who are adopted or have adopted, and how these various stories have turned out. Kay writes that there are two camps among the adopted: those who are compelled to find the truth about their birth parents, and those who aren’t. Her older brother, Maxwell, also adopted, was in the latter group – perhaps this explains why he has such a noticeably small role in the memoir. We agreed that, as long as we had the support of our adoptive parents, in Kay’s place we would also have looked for our birth parents.