Grant At 200
The year 2022 marked the 200th anniversary of the birth of Ulysses S. Grant (1822 -- 1885). Grant rose from obscurity to become the Commanding General of the Union Army during the Civil War and to serve two terms as the eighteenth president of the United States (1864 -- 1869). Grant's reputation, particularly of his presidency, has fluctuated over the years. Once regarded as a presidential failure, Grant has come to be better regarded in recent years largely because of his efforts in the area of civil rights. Still, Americans today would benefit from knowing more about Grant.
Published in commemoration of Grant's 200th anniversary, "Grant at 200: Reconsidering the Life and Legacy of Ulysses S. Grant" aims to reconsider Grant and his accomplishments. Sponsored by the Ulysses S. Grant Association and the Grant Monument Association and edited by public historian Chris Mackowski and Grant scholar Frank J. Scaturro, the volume offers a fitting and thoughtful exploration of its subject. It begins with a 1991 appreciation of Grant from Colin Powell followed by tributes to Grant from each of the six living presidents and from the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The volume includes fifteen essays on Grant from leading scholars together with an Introduction by Mackowski and an Epilogue, "U.S. Grant: an Appreciation" by former vice-presidential candidate, Jack Kemp. The book taught me a great deal.I comment briefly below on the organization of the volume and on some of the essays.
The Introduction and opening three essays by Chris Mackowski, John Marszalek, and Ronald White focus upon Grant's early life and upon his character. White's essay "Son of Methodism" offers an exploration of Grant's religious faith, a matter new to me. The fourth through sixth essays offer examinations of Grant's military leadership by scholars Timothy Smith, Chris Mackowski, and Joan Waugh. Waugh's eloquent essay "U.S. Grant and the Surrender at Appomattox" explores what was perhaps Grant's finest hour. The seventh essay by Gary Gallagher explores the history of studies of Grant and examines the reasons for the changes in his reputation over the years.
The eighth through eleventh essay explore how Grant's stature as president has risen in recent years with essays on Grant's role in Reconstruction and in civil rights, his political skills, and his achievements in foreign policy. This section is capped by a lengthy essay by Frank Scaturro "President Grant Belongs in the Pantheon" arguing that Grant merits recognition as one of our greatest presidents. This is a fascinating essay but almost like a legal brief. I am afraid it may be overdone.
The final four essays return to a broad look at Grant and his commemoration. They include Ben Kemp's essay on Grant's final days at Grant Cottage in New York's Adirondack Mountain, a moving essay on Grant's descendants by Ulysses Grant Dietz, a study of Grant's character by a Civil War reenactor, and returning to Frank Scaturro, an essay on the checkered history of Grant's Tomb.
The book succeeds in its aim of showing that Grant deserves to be remembered and studied for his many contributions to our country. More broadly, the book shows the value of studying and learning to appreciate our country's history in all its complexity.
The book is published by Savas Beatie as part of the Emerging Civil War Series. Savas Beatie kindly sent me a review copy.
Robin Friedman