A hilarious and scathing satire, this is the story of a town in want of a new name and the man in charge of selecting that name. There are three factions, all with their own wants/needs/desires and claims on history:
--First are the black families, the descendants of the first settlers of the land, free men and women, who want to return to the town's first name: Freedom.
--Second is the sole surviving member of the family Winthrop, who wants to keep using the old name for posterity. The original Winthrop had noted the town's excellent location on the river and was looking for a place to locate his barbed wire factory. Note the irony in Whitehead's choice of manufacturing - cheap wire fences creating boundaries, the opposite of freedom, in fact a type of capture. Keeping good things in and bad things out. This is industrialization, with wage laborers. The two black forefathers saw the benefit of having an incorporated town w/ the backing of a white guy (and they'd outnumber him on their new town council)...and thus the first re-naming of the town. (It begs the question: Would Freedom have truly represented the town at this point in its history? Have the black families been hidden under the name Winthrop? Has the hurt of slavery been hidden?)
--Third is the new upstart software outfit run by CEO Lucky Aberdeen, who hired our nameless (!) protagonist's firm (he's a nomenclature consultant) to come up with a name to fit the town's new forward looking, growing, positive, capitalistic outlook: New Prospera. (Of course, it is implied that the idea to outsource the naming of the town is Lucky's idea; why otherwise would you hire a stranger w/ no history or connection to re-name?) New Prospera is a break from history, a blank slate.
Clearly, names matter. A name should capture the essence of the thing. Or, should a name be forward looking? Do we become what our name states we are? Or are names too narrow, are they overcome by history and the fact that things are always changing?
In parallel we learn the history of our protagonist's rise to success in his career, culminating in the re-naming of a second-rate bandage to Apex and his unlikely mishap when he hides the hurt. Our protagonist is going through a crisis of identity. After success and recognition, he gradually becomes aware of his transgressions, his mistakes, his fakery, his superficiality. His damaged toe, the puss and fester covered over by a skin-toned bandage, is the physical manifestation of what he now sees as deception - by covering over what something truly is w/ a false name, by becoming invisible himself. To brand or re-brand is to determine what you want to look like to the outside world, which is more about what one wants to be seen as vs what one truly is. It creates a sort of double - what is vs what is wanted. What the town is covering up in its renaming is the history of slavery and treachery at the root of its founding.
This is also a book about marketing, doing whatever it takes to make something sell, consciously manipulating the consumer. As Whitehead states in an interview, "Apex isn't the only band-aid in the book."
Colson Whitehead is just amazing; I loved "John Henry Days" and "The Intuitionist." And in "Apex" he tackles this thing we're obsessed about, what something is called. He's brilliant.
In "Apex" he mentions whenever a character is white, which I loved - what a turning of the tables.