All of the poems of this great Russian poet in acclaimed translations, accompanied by notes, a biographical chronology, a translator's introduction, and a major essay by Nobel Prize-winner Joseph Brodsky written specifically for this volume.
Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam (also spelled Osip Mandelshtam, Ossip Mandelstamm) (Russian: Осип Эмильевич Мандельштам) was a Russian poet and essayist who lived in Russia during and after its revolution and the rise of the Soviet Union. He was one of the foremost members of the Acmeist school of poets. He was arrested by Joseph Stalin's government during the repression of the 1930s and sent into internal exile with his wife Nadezhda. Given a reprieve of sorts, they moved to Voronezh in southwestern Russia. In 1938 Mandelstam was arrested again and sentenced to a camp in Siberia. He died that year at a transit camp.
The earlier poems are heavy in the Peterburg Classical--many Greek referents... but then, by 1918, the pressure of the events of his day began to edit the classical allusions from the poems, they became stronger and more direct. It wasn't an easy place to be, but it let his poetry find is true soil, its unmitigated subject. A wonderful translation, stunning, shattering work.
Brilliant but difficult poet - so much allusion, hinted at through the imagery. Mandelstam sought to be a voice for a global civilisation - and he contributes a poetry deeply embedded in the Classical - Biblical - Christian culture of the west, in Russian sensibility and imagery. But to be global it must incorporate more than the western culture, and Mandelstam probably thought that Russian sensibility being "Asiatic" covered that. But it was not enough for that goal. A worthy goal and one a poet could still strive for but we must expand the cultural basis.
On a purely poetic analysis, Mandelstam evinces a sort of acceleration. His earlier work is lyrical, but through the 20s and 30s it speeds up; the images are compressed together, grammar and syntax vanish as image after image crashes into each other. And over it all there is the sense of the coming collision, Mandelstam sympathetic to the Revolution, but gifted with the poet's intuition to see it failing, at odds with the Stalin counter-revolution, eventually destroyed by the state. Reading his poems, I felt him running towards death, unwillingly but no prepared to compromise.
The idle life has sent us insane, Wine in the morning, hung over by night, How can pointless gaiety be restrained, Your flushing face, plague-drunk again?
In handshakes at parting lies a torturing rite, And in kisses in the street at night When heavily the rivers flow And streetlamps like ancient torches glow.
We lie in wait for death like a wold of myth, But I fear the one who'll first be dead Is he whose lips are a care-racked red And over whose eyes a long curl twists.
- pg. 34
* * *
When Moscow's feverish forum dies And theatre's jaws gape open, Returning the crowds to the squares And the night,
There courses through its sumptuous streets The liveliness of a midnight wake And crowds of mourning revelers throng Out of the maw of some divine abyss.
It is the common citizenry, incited by the Games, Who are coming to bury the nocturnal sun, Returning from the funeral feast To the muffled hammering of hooves.
It's as if Herculaneum's resurrected anew: A city sleeping in the moonlight glare With its wretched market hovels And mighty Doric columns.
- pg. 45
* * *
I washed in the courtyard at night - The firmament shone with coarse stars. Like salt on an axhead the starlight, The rain-butt is chilled to its brim.
The yard gates are locked up tight And the earth, in all conscience, is grim. Fresh canvas is a purer base for truth Than you're likely to find elsewhere.
In the rain-butt a star melts like salt: The freezing water is blacker, Death cleaner, misfortune more bitter, And the earth, though grimmer, is more just.
- pg. 54
* * *
On police station watermarked paper - Night had choked on its sticklebacked fish - Stars sing in chorus and red-tape worms Ceaselessly write their Prolexkult reports.
No matter how you stars want to shine First apply on the proper dotted line; We're sure to renew your permission For shining or writing or extinction.
- pg. 68
* * *
I returned to my city, familiar as tears, As veins, as mumps from childhood years.
You've returned here, so swallow as quick as your can The cod-liver oil of Leningrad's riverside lamps.
Recognize when you can December's brief day: Egg yolk folded into its ominous tar.
Petersburg, I don't yet want to die: You have the numbers of my telephones.
Petersburg, I have addresses still Where I can raise the voice of the dead.
I live on the backstairs and the doorbell buzz Strikes me in the temple and tears at my flesh.
And all night long I await those dear guests of yours, Rattling, like manacles, the chains on the doors.
- Leningrad, pg. 69
* * *
With them and not with you or me The power of family endings lies: The reed is porous and singing with their air, And gratefully the snails of human lips Pull on their breathing gravity.
They have no name. Enter their sinews And you will be their principalities' heir, And for people, for their living hearts, Stumbling through their every fork and turn, You'll portray their great content And what they're tortured by in ebbs and flows.
- pg. 89
* * *
I'll say it in draft in a whisper Since we cannot speak openly yet: The game of irrational heaven Is attained via experience and sweat.
Beneath the temporary sky of purgatory We frequently fail to recall That this happy heaven-roofed depository Is a flexible lifetime home.
In his brilliant introduction to this volume, Nobel Laureate Joseph Brodsky describes Mandelstam as an unrepentant Acmeist who described his poetic intentions as a “nostalgic longing for world culture.” His productivity come forth in bursts. While not exuberant in his imagery, at times his lines demonstrate that he could source information from everywhere, such as “The earth is buzzing with metaphor” – a wonderful line from “The Finder of a Horseshoe” (59)
My favorite poem in this collection is the 27th.
Like summer lightning a life fell away, As an eyelash into a tumbler falls, Life lied to the bitter end: I don’t accuse, I don’t defend.
Do you want an apple in the night? Do you want hot honey, fresh and light? Do you want me to take your boots off, To lift you like a fleck of fluff?
Angle clad in a golden fleeze Standing in a web of light, The lamplight plays upon your face And lights the shoulders I’ve embraced.
Will a cat leaping up before us, Bounding off like a wild hare, Really seal the way ahead of us When it falls from sight somewhere?
Your flushed lips puckered and trembled As you poured your son his tea; You rambled on to him and me; You gabbled ad dissembled.
As you stuttered foolishness, Lied and smiled with tenderness: A blush flooded your face With clumsy beauty and awkward grace.
Behind a tower on a palace, Behind the garden cuckoospit; In that beyond-the-eyelid life You will surely be my wife.
So putting on dry felt boots And donning golden sheepskin coats, Let us set off hand in hand Down the same road to the distant land,
Without a backward glance, no hindrance and no fear, Toward that shimmering frontier: Where from dusk to the pre-dawn glow Streetlamps with light overflow… (67)
Mandelstam is difficult to read at times, and while I don’t speak Russian, I can only assume that much of his brilliance is lost in translation. That said, his poems are representative of an entire school, and carry with them a serious weight representative of the country and time in which he lived. This is a wonderful little volume of poetry by one of the most important poets ever to live.
Egentligen borde jag inte sätta betyg på den här boken. Översättning till engelska är inte ryska dikter. Det blir en omöjlighet. Lyrik ska läsas i original. I synnerhet så olika språk och kulturer.
Mandelstams liv, från välutbildad jude, uppmärksamt observerande revolutionen, tills han kritiserade Stalin och fick lida för det, fängslades, och avled i Sibirien 1938. Femtio spridda dikter kan inte förmedla detta till mig. Jag hade hoppats på Joseph Brodskys introduktion, men jag vet för lite för att det skulle hjälpa mig.