Earth's atmosphere, common IFR procedures, high-altitude weather, and special area weather considerations are thoroughly discussed in this FAA handbook AC00-6A, the first revision since 1975.
Super informative, with convincingly terrifying descriptions of what happens when your plane gets sucked into a thunderstorm.
A lot of this information would be interesting to the general outdoorsy person, not just pilots. In particular, the discussions of wind formation around land masses, dew point and temperature changes around twilight and dawn, and discussions of the impact of rain, thunderstorms, and hail would all be useful to know if you're a frequent camper. The last section, which is on soaring and glider piloting, was interesting from a physics perspective, but became overly mathy and I mostly skimmed it. I especially liked the sections on reading and identifying clouds.
Minus a star because this author assumes all pilots are male, just like every author in general aviation and the federal government, apparently.
A typical government reference book. Not going to wow anyone with its style or illustrations, but this book does a good job at getting across the essentials of what a professional aviator needs to know about weather. And a fair amount of its subject matter finds its way onto FAA exam questions --- as on my employers' annual standardization exams.
Aviation Weather is a great, fact-filled, concise yet detailed presentation of weather phenomena particularly as it pertains to aviation – but not exclusively. Non-pilots can get just as much out of this book as pilots. For pilots, however, Aviation Weather fleshes out much of the more cursory knowledge that is required for examinations and even for flying safely. In other words, a pilot may not actually need this level of knowledge to remain safe & competent, but the book explains the mechanisms and the meteorological science behind the phenomena. It can turn memorization into understanding.
Not the best weather text out there. But if your goal is to pass an FAA written, you wont go wrong with this one. If you're a pilot, I highly recommend you also read Robert N. Buck's classic "Weather Flying," as well as Terry Lankford's excellent "Weather Flying Handbook." Both are a little bit dated, and some of the weather services mentioned in Lankford's book have since been updated or depreciated, but the weather theory and practical flying advice is timeless.