Faulkner tells the story of the rise of the Snopes family through three novels,"The Hamlet"; "The Town"; and "The Mansion." It is a stunning cycle of stories depicting the decay of the south as it is overtaken by new social values at odds with the past.
At times the story is told by an apparent omniscient narrator. At others it is solely told from the perspective of specific voices, especially the attorney Gavin Stevens, his nephew Chick Mallison, and V.K. Ratkliff, a travelling salesman, vending sewing machines on the installment plan.
The Snopes clan arrives in Yoknapatawpha County in force in the late 1890s, although Faulkner gives us glimpses of the family in "The Unvanquished" and "Sanctuary." However, Faulkner's ultimate symbol of the changing south appears in the form of Flem Snopes in "The Hamlet," published in 1940.
Consider Flem Snopes synonymous with amoral greed, the darkest side of capitalism. Flem will rise from sharecropper to banker over the span of forty years. In an effort to portray himself as a respectable member of Jefferson, i.e. Oxford, Mississippi, society, he will rid the town of his own family members, using them for his own purposes until he discards them when they are no longer useful.
In addition to Flem, Faulkner creates more memorable Snopes: Mink, Wallstreet Panic, Montgomery Ward, and Clarence Eggleston Snopes. Then there is Eck Snopes,so innocent, so decent, that V.K. Ratkliff insists he could not have been a Snopes at all, surmising that Eck's mother had improved the family gene pool by trysting with someone outside the Snopes family.
On simple terms, the Snopes trilogy indicates that you can have love or money, but you can't have both. Flem's greatest opportunity comes from his marriage to Eula Varner after she is becomes pregnant by a young man from one of the old aristocratic families. He will provide a name to a bastard child. However, he will never be Eula's lover. She will find that comfort from another source. Flem will accept playing the cuckold as long as it serves his purposes.
Gavin Stevens, his nephew Chick, and Ratliff will make it their mission to protect Jefferson from the Snopes clan. This trio represents the decency of democratic progress in the face of southern decay. These men are the moral foils to the amoral greed of Flem Snopes.
The Snopes novels have waxed and waned in their value in the Faulkner Canon through years of critical analysis. For this reader, these novels establish Faulkner's true place in post modern literature. While maintaining the major aspects of southern literature in the use of legend, myth, time and place, Faulkner's County is a microcosm for a larger universe of human values.
These three novels provide enough material for a review much more in depth, and deserving of much critical study. For the purpose of this review, however, it is enough to say that these novels show Faulkner's storytelling ability at its finest, covering humor, farce, pathos, and tragedy. Perhaps it is because I have waited to attaining the age of 59 to read these novels, that I find them as accessible as they are. My earliest encounters with Faulkner were more than forty years ago when I lacked the maturity and experience to understand the complexities of his earlier works.
Through my life I have returned to Faulkner's earlier works and understood many things I did not as a young high school student, just as Chick fails to understand the significance of the social change in his town when he tagged along at the heels of his Uncle Gavin. By the time of Faulkner's publication of "The Mansion" in 1959, Chick is equally capable of interpreting the significance of Flem Snopes and his influence on Jefferson society. Perhaps so it must be for all of us. And it is an illustration of why we must return time and again to the works of literature to reexamine their significance in light of our own growing experience as human beings. So it is with Faulkner's trilogy of Snopes novels.
As has been my custom, this review may appear to be quite generic. However, it is always my purpose to avoid spoilers so I do not deprive the reader of the joys of the discovery of Faulkner's twists and turns of plot and structure. There are countless joys to be found in these three novels. By all means, mine these books to find the treasure they contain.