Antik Misirda ölüm sonrasi yasam ve tanrilar: Misirlilarin öteki yasam ile ilgili fikirleri

by E.A. Wallis Budge

Paperback. (20 x 14 cm). In Turkish. 208 p.

Genres: Religion, History, Egypt, Nonfiction, Egyptology, Mythology, Ancient History

Paperback

First published January 1, 1899

About the author

Sir Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis Budge was an English Egyptologist, Orientalist, and philologist who worked for the British Museum and published numerous works on the ancient Near East.

Reviews

[Brian Griffith · Rating 1 out of 5]

This book was originally published in 1899, and it shows it. In a kind of reverse Orientalism, Budge holds it evident that the ancient Egyptians "believed in One God, who was self-existent, immortal, invisible, eternal, omniscient, almighty, and inscrutable ...." As for all the evidence that they built temples to many deities, Budge admits that they "also developed polytheistic ideas ... to such a degree that the nations around ... were misled by his [the Egyptian's] actions, and described him as a polytheistic idolator."

With such determination to read monotheism into all ancient inscriptions, Budge offers translations that sound like the Nicaean Creed.

[Sean Kelly · Rating 4 out of 5]

If you can take into account the outdated monotheistic take on Egyptian religion which is perhaps understandable and predictable Wallis Budge's invaluable work in Egyptology still ages well and this is a great entry point if you're either new to Egyptian religion or simply keen to properly refamiliarise yourself with it, with ample focus on the source material and original funerary rites and prayers.

[Mark Dickson · Rating 3 out of 5]

I thought Fleabag (from the same author) was better to be honest.

Lots of extracts from religious texts that do a great job of demonstrating that they’ve always been long, unwieldy and repetitive.

The accompanying commentary and discussion were the most interesting part of this book, and I can’t say I didn’t skim through the long lists.

[J.D. Steens · Rating 3 out of 5]

This book describes monotheism in ancient Egypt – the “One, self-begotten, and self-existent God” that can be traced, the author says, to at least 3800 BCE. Initially, the supreme God was Ra but, in time, Osiris, the “king of the underworld and judge of the dead…became the equal and, in certain cases, the superior of Ra, the Sun-god.” Osiris, supported by a polytheistic cast, increasingly takes on the paramount role for ensuring “everlasting life and resurrection” through his judgment of the dead. Eternal life centered on the soul and spirit, leaving the body behind. The practice of mummification, of preserving the body at death and of adding food, tools, and such for an afterlife, is initially puzzling the author notes, but then he concludes that resurrection in the next life takes on a new body form, with the old body serving much like a nurse log, as a seed bed, sprouting from dead bodies, for a new life.

As the author notes, the parallel of the Osiris figure with Jesus and Christian theology is clear enough. While the author does not note this, a question is the degree to which Plato’s theological philosophy was influenced by ancient Egypt. There are also interesting parallels in this book with Indian thought.

[O · Rating 4 out of 5]

Although the intention really was to illustrate the the academic side of the religion, I could not help but really absorb its spiritual qualities. Budge illustrated the various waves of religious sway over the years and discussed the changes of the main gods from Ra to Osiris (a mortal dying and rising)to Amen-Ra, to the cult of Aten and then back to Amen once more.

His most referenced religious text is the Book of Coming Forth by Day which he refers to throughout the book in its more layman form the Book of the Dead which I presume to be out of convenience for both him and the reader to linkages a bit faster. The Book of the Dead makes sense when we are speaking about the souls of those who are deceased and are waiting for their hearts to be weighed in the balance.

Overall an excellent text for any beginner on Egyptian Religion.

[Daniel G. · Rating 5 out of 5]

Read in conjunction with his other book, "Egyptian Magic." Good read, dated. See my review of "Egyptian Magic."

[DAJ · Rating 2 out of 5]

Budge's books circulate online because they're out of copyright; this one is from 1901. It's rarely a good idea to trust century-old scholarship in any field, and Budge was not even the most sophisticated Egyptologist of his time, merely the most prolific. His works served to introduce Egyptian religion to the public, but as current Egyptologists themselves say in Eternal Egypt, "unfortunately many [of Budge's books] have been kept in print long after their usefulness has been exhausted."

This work really has two main topics: gods and afterlife beliefs. All of the familiar deities are described here, most of them only cursorily. Like many Egyptologists of his time, Budge was attached to the idea that a single monotheistic god lay behind the obvious polytheism of Egyptian religion. To his credit, Budge was not as condescending about Egyptian religion as some of his contemporaries (though that attitude shows up more in the companion volume, Egyptian Magic). Today's interpretations of Egyptian theology, however, are much more subtle than his. On afterlife beliefs, the book isn't so much inaccurate as imbalanced, focusing on some afterlife beliefs, such as the familiar judgment of the dead, at the expense of others that are just as important but didn't appeal so much to a turn-of-the-century Christian audience. The book is padded with long quotations from hymns and the Book of the Dead, which might be of interest to someone wanting to read primary sources—except that Budge's translations are also held in very low regard today.

Fortunately there are plenty of up-to-date alternatives to Budge. Ancient Egyptian Religion by Stephen Quirke is a readable overview of all aspects of the religion, while Gods and Men in Egypt is a less accessible but more thorough treatment. For a concise but extensive introduction to Egyptian gods and theology, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt is excellent. Geraldine Pinch's Egyptian Mythology is the best book on myth that I have read. The only comprehensive treatment of afterlife beliefs is the very dense Death and Salvation in Ancient Egypt, but sources like John Taylor's general study of funerary practices, Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Egypt, treat those beliefs in about as much depth as Budge does.

[Omar Nizam · Rating 3 out of 5]

- Book Review: "Egyptian Ideas Of the Future Life" by E.A. Wallis Budge - 📚🇪🇬🇬🇧

Written in 1899, E.A. Wallis Budge is a respected Egyptologist who's research has helped to decode the history of Ancient Egypt.

The book contains a plethora of information covering some 3,000+ years of history.

The writing is not so much a hook as it is a bastion of information. Many an Egyptologist will agree that Budge's research is the bedrock on which all modern Egyptologists base their work.

On a negative note, the author - having lived during the height of colonial times - is a product of his time, and it shows in his writing.

By using cringeworthy vocabulary to describe the Ancient Egyptians (such as "savage" and "simple minded"), Budge's book does not age very well and can be seen as highly offensive to modern sensitivities. It was difficult to enjoy the book fully when having to come across such vocabulary at several instances in the book.

Nevertheless, if one can go past the author's colonial mindset, the book is a valuable reference tool to have.

My rating: 3/5 Stars ⭐️⭐️⭐️

[Cem Yüksel · Rating 4 out of 5]

Mısır üzerine bir çok çalışması olan Budge’nin , eski Mısır’ın ölüm sonrası fikri üzerine yazdığı kitabın iyi özelliklerinden birisi , bu konudaki papirüsleri derli toplu bir şekilde gözden geçirmesi. Kitabın 1899’da yazıldığı dikkate alınırsa , sonrasındaki araştırmalar ile bir çok konunun daha detaylandırıldığını söylemek mümkün. Ancak genel çerçevede 125 yılmsonra dahi iyi bir referans olmaya devam ediyor. Bugün de devam eden eski Mısır monoteismi tartışmaları için de iyi bir kaynak.

[Louis Boyle · Rating 3 out of 5]

Clearly dated although no doubt it made many great contributions for its time. The Egyptian monotheistic argument which the book relies on is now widely discredited by scholars and evidently a false projection of the author’s own bias. Nonetheless, it is interesting to note the many similarities between monotheistic Christianity and Egyptian polytheism. Interesting read.

[Mike · Rating 4 out of 5]

Loved it. Will probably write a short review later after finals week.

[Nicholas Martin · Rating 4 out of 5]

A better summary at the end would have been preferred.

[Arrianne · Rating 3 out of 5]

So far this book is very fascinating. I appreciate most that it examines Egyptian beliefs within the frame of what is understood about Egyptian society, rather than frame it from a western perspective.

This book quotes hymns from The Book of the Dead extensively. The author also touches on how the religion changed through progressing dynasties.

The similarities in modern religions are extraordinary and apparently timeless. While the book is short in length, it is a great starting point for a greater understanding.

[David Kubisa · Rating 5 out of 5]

Budge is brilliant in his interpretation of the mysterious ancient Egyptian religion, and was a true master in understanding what at first sight seems to be a complex religion. For me he is still fresh and still highly relevant and the true master of Egyptology. Many a modern egyptologist still has a lot to learn from Budge and he richly deserved his knighthood for his contribution to human understanding. A man ahead of his time.

[David Olmsted · Rating 3 out of 5]

This book is a classic first publish in 1900 by keeper of Egyptian and Assyrian antiquities at the British museum. It mostly covers the basic religious after-death ideology of the middle and late kingdoms (the Book of the Dead).

[Melody · Rating 4 out of 5]

I was fascinated by Greek and Norse mythology and religion. I thought (ancient) Egyptian religion was complicated plus their idols are not made in the image of men. And reading this - well.. it is complicated still but at least I am enlightened at some points. :-)

[Lysergius · Rating 2 out of 5]

Almost unreadable.

[Susan Molloy · Rating 5 out of 5]

First published in 1899, this is a lengthy book filled with detailed information about the ancient Egyptian views of life, death, and the afterlife. There is much detailed information about the so-called Book of the Dead, with numerous direct quotes and