THE THIRD OF CARROLL'S SIX VOLUMES, COVERING 1100-1521
Warren H. Carroll (1932-2011) was a leading conservative Catholic historian and author, and the founder of Christendom College; he was a convert to Catholicism in 1968. Previously, he had also served as an analyst in the CIA's anti-communism division, and he also served on the staff of Congressman John G. Schmitz. This third volume was first published in 1993. The next volume in this series is 'The Cleaving of Christendom, 1517-1661 (vol. 4).'
Of some Crusaders, Carroll laments, "The whole history of Christendom shows no more shameful spectacle. Were THESE crusaders, men and women to bear the Cross to Jerusalem? Would God leave Jerusalem in THEIR hands? By comparison, (the Muslim general) Saladin was a pillar of justice. It is not surprising that in the end... the faithless crusaders died screaming for water in the blazing July sun..." (Pg. 122) Of the siege of Constantinople of 1204, Carroll wrote, "The sack that followed was one of the worst in all of history... No man, woman, or child was safe from the ravagers... for this to have been done by ... men actually wearing the Cross of Christ was---an ineffaceable disgrace." (Pg. 157)
He concludes that "The move of the Popes to Avignon in France... was a grave error of judgment, though not the unmitigated evil excoriated by Petrarch." (Pg. 355) Of the Great Schism he observes, "Nothing could have brought the spiritual weapon of excommunication... into greater disrepute. It was one of the darkest hours in the history of the papacy." (Pg. 451) Nevertheless, "Christendom still remained a unity, despite the Great Schism. (Pg. 455) But he adds, "so many of the Church's best had lost sight of... who the true Pope was... he was beginning to be seen more as another Renaissance prince than as head of the Church Christ founded." (Pg. 599)
He admits that the torture of the Spanish Inquisition "cannot be defended---though they were by no means evils unique to the Inquisition or to Spain." (Pg. 608) The "seven children fathered by Rodrigo Borgia (who became Pope Alexander VI) while a Cardinal are indubitable historical fact." (Pg. 639) Leo X said upon his election, "God has given us the Papacy; now let us enjoy it." (Pg. 712) He ends this volume with Martin Luther, concluding, "The glory of united Christendom was over; its cleaving had begun." (Pg. 713)
Those wanting a strongly "conservative" Catholic interpretation of Christian history will find Carroll's series compelling (and reassuring).