"Philosophy may be defined as the art of asking the right questions...Awareness of the problem outlives all solutions. The answers are questions in disguise, every new answer giving rise to new questions." This example of Rabbi Heschel's thought and manner of expression, familiar to the readers of his many books, serves as an epigraph to The Wisdom of Heschel. As Ruth Goodhill says in her foreword, "These selections from the works of the prophetic giant of the twentieth century, Abraham Joshua Heschel, represent my personal response to his writings. This book, conceived during his lifetime, is offered as an introduction to his thought and to his profound understanding of the agonies of modern society." Most of the selections are taken from God in Search of Man, The Insecurity of Freedom, Man Is Not Alone, The Sabbath, The Prophets, and Who Is Man? Among the categories in which the excerpts have been grouped are "Questions Man Asks, " "Man's Needs, " "Caring for Our Old, " "Teaching Our Young, " "Law, "" The Sabbath, " and "One World."
Abraham Joshua Heschel was a Polish-born Jewish-American rabbi, theologian, philosopher, poet, and one of the most influential Jewish thinkers of the twentieth century. Raised in a distinguished Hasidic family in Warsaw, he received a traditional yeshiva education before pursuing advanced studies in philosophy and Jewish scholarship in Berlin, where he earned a doctorate and rabbinic ordination. Alongside his academic work, he wrote Yiddish poetry and developed an intellectual approach that combined classical Jewish tradition with modern philosophical inquiry. Following his arrest and deportation from Germany during the Nazi persecution of Jews, Heschel briefly returned to Poland before escaping to London and eventually immigrating to the United States in 1940. Many members of his family perished during the Holocaust, an experience that profoundly shaped his moral outlook and religious thought. After teaching at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, he joined the Jewish Theological Seminary of America in New York, where he served for the rest of his career as professor of Jewish ethics and mysticism. Heschel gained international recognition through influential books including Man Is Not Alone, God in Search of Man, The Sabbath, The Prophets, and Who Is Man?, works that explored faith, revelation, prayer, prophecy, and the relationship between humanity and God. Drawing on the Hebrew prophets, Hasidic spirituality, Kabbalah, and medieval Jewish philosophy, he emphasized wonder, reverence, and the belief that religious life must unite intellectual reflection with ethical action. His writings argued that God seeks a relationship with humanity and that genuine spirituality demands compassion, justice, and responsibility rather than mere ritual observance. Heschel rejected purely legalistic interpretations of Judaism, insisting that inner devotion and moral sensitivity were inseparable from religious practice. Beyond scholarship, he became a prominent public voice for human rights and social justice. Inspired by the prophetic tradition, he actively supported the American Civil Rights Movement, marching beside Martin Luther King Jr. in the historic Selma to Montgomery march, an experience he famously described by saying that he felt as though his "feet were praying." He also spoke forcefully against racial segregation, poverty, and the Vietnam War, believing that religious conviction required engagement with the moral crises of society. Heschel further played an important role in improving relations between Jews and Christians by advising representatives of the Catholic Church during the Second Vatican Council, helping encourage changes in teachings concerning Judaism. His commitment to interfaith dialogue reflected his conviction that no single religious community possesses a monopoly on spiritual truth and that authentic faith fosters mutual respect. Through his scholarship, teaching, public activism, and enduring literary legacy, Heschel transformed modern Jewish thought while influencing theologians, philosophers, religious leaders, civil rights advocates, and readers around the world. His works continue to inspire discussions of spirituality, ethics, human dignity, and the enduring responsibility to unite contemplation with courageous action in the pursuit of justice.
Een rijke selectie uit het betekenisvolle werk van Heschel. Kleine stukjes kennis en inzicht waar je langzaam op moet kauwen. Vol tegenstellingen en schijnbare paradoxen maar vervuld van een wonderlijke diepzinnigheid. Op sublieme wijze weet Heschel het heilige heel dichtbij te brengen. Er is ruimte voor het uniek Joodse, hij kwam immers uit een lange lijn Joodse denkers, maar hij is altijd begaan op de mens als geheel. De mens is heilig voor Heschel, en de ultieme achting daarvan is het verbond met God. 'God in the universe is a spirit of concern for life.' En altijd is daar de verwondering, verwondering over het leven, daar begint voor Heschel echte wijsheid. Leven is niet mogelijk zonder verwondering.
In een tijd waarin spiritualiteit steeds meer naar de marges wordt gedreven door het logische vooruitgangsgeloof (een feit waar Pieper ook aan refereert in rust en beschaving), lijkt er nauwelijks een meer relevante denker te zijn dan Heschel. In plaats van een abstracte studeerkamergeleerde hebben we hier een diep betrokken mens, die zoals hij het zelf zegt de juiste vragen stelt. Doortrokken door het hele boek is die sterke Genesis of Oude Testament ethiek, die de vraag stelt wat het betekent te leven, en bovenal hoe goed te leven. Heschel ziet de mens niet op zichzelf maar als ingebed in een web van relaties. Spiritualiteit is voor hem het fundament van een bestaan, geen mantra's of vaag Godsbeeld maar simpelweg de kwestie van Goed en Slecht. Heschel legt de nadruk op dit onderscheid omdat het zo belangrijk is, in een wereld waarin de Holocaust plaats heeft gevonden moeten we wel onderscheid maken.
Daarin ligt de opdracht besloten te zoeken, want mens-zijn betekent altijd weer voor keuzes gesteld worden. Wanhoop overvalt de mens wanneer hij vermoedt niet nodig te zijn, of liever dat hij overbodig is. En hier draait Heschel de zaken op ingenieuze wijze om, hij stelt dat God de mens nodig heeft. Zoals de titel van een van zijn boeken al stelt, God in search of man. De hele Bijbel is voor Heschel de geschiedenis van God's zoektocht naar de mens, of de rechtvaardige mens. Waarbij de Bijbel een stem wil geven aan die stemmen die normaal niet gehoord worden.
De ziel van de mens gaat uit boven zijn dagelijkse behoeften, en de test die gesteld wordt is de daad 'the deed is the trial, the test and the risk''. Dat is de vraag die dagelijks gesteld wordt, hoe leef je, en die daden hebben diepgaande consequenties volgens Heschel. En we hebben altijd een keuze, ''we have the audacity to choose''. Mens-zijn is intrinsiek een wezen vol betekenis zijn voor Heschel. We zijn hierin geen toeschouwers maar acteurs. Het is deze betrokkenheid op de menselijke conditie die Heschel zo'n betekenisvolle denker maakt. We hebben meer te geven dan we denken, en we hebben meer te betekenen dan we kunnen vermoeden.
Een denker als Frankl, die vanuit hetzelfde beginpunt opereert als Heschel, zou stellen dat we ons leven zelf zin geven. Terwijl Heschel wijst op de zin die van nature aanwezig is in het menselijk leven. ''Man is a fountain of meaning.'' Leven is voor een probleem gesteld worden. Niet de kwestie van zijn, maar zijn omgezet in leven, in doen: ''Man's most important project is not being but living.'' Hoe we onszelf begrijpen, en anderen behandelen is de essentie. Daarin hebben we een hoger doel, we zijn verantwoordelijk. ''Few are guilty but all are responsible'', volgens Heschel. Voor de aarde, en voor onze medemens. Een gedachte die we ook bij Buber vinden, van wie Heschel de spirituele opvolger was. De ethische kwesties van zijn tijd waren voor hem ook een strijdperk. Hij was betrokken bij allerlei sociale kwesties in zijn tijd, waarin vooral de rassenkwestie eruit steekt.
Wat Heschel zo relevant maakt is dat hij het religieuze op een breder plan trekt. De essentie is gerechtigheid, de juiste dingen doen, waarin niet de wet de motivatie is maar compassie. Er zijn ook geen simpele oplossingen ''religious existence is an uphill struggle''. We moeten altijd hoger streven. Het ultieme mysterie blijft ook een mysterie. Woorden openen de deur, maar we blijven op de drempel staan. 'There is a name, and there is a waiting.' Dat is de boodschap, de weg zelf is heilig. ''The road to the sacred leads through the secular.'' De roep is de morele uitdaging, de roep van de hero's journey. Het alledaagse is waar onze daden tellen. Een unieke denker, die de vertaalslag weet en durft te maken naar wat religie relevant maakt. En dat is hoe nuttig zij is in en bij het lijden van de mens in tumultueuze tijden.
This book is a spiritual treasure chest. Short, insightful passages of concentrated insight. I often re-read before the High Holidays to get ready. This books opens gates to our tradition, not normally accessible to most of us.
I am reminded of a quote from Francis Bacon, Essay II - "of Unity in Religion", which said in part:
--- substance in religion--- truly discerned and distinguished from points not merely of Faith, but of Opinion , order, or good intention.....
YUP!
Open this text randomly, start to read anywhere, all its paths are places I would like to go. a Strong recommend
Incredibly insightful. He has a gift of taking the most profound and impenetrable notions and transforming them into simple and powerful interpretations that cut to the core.
Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907-1972) was a Polish-born American rabbi and one of the leading theologians and philosophers of the 20th century; he also participated in the civil rights movement with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (such as the march on Selma).
This 1975 book is a collection of Heschel’s BRIEF (seldom more than a few sentences) sayings, aphorisms, etc., printed one per page, and double-spaced. If printed in a conventional format, they would occupy perhaps only about sixty or seventy pages. So don’t expect a large collection of “entire works” (essays, etc.) of Heschel, or a comprehensive overview of his entire range of writings. The sources of the quotations are given at the back of the book, should one want to read the quote in its original context.
Those cautions notwithstanding, this book is an excellent, topically-arranged (e.g., “Who is Man,” “How Shall Man Live?,” “Man’s Ultimate Purpose,” “Relating to the World,” “What is Judaism?,” etc.) collection of many of Heschel’s most pithy and thought-provoking sayings.
Editor Ruth Marcus Goodhill explained in her Foreword, “My selections from the works of Abraham Joshua Heschel represent a personal response to his prophetic genius. This book conceived during his lifetime, is offered as an introduction to his thought and to his profound insight into the agonies of modern society. As such, this anthology focuses on one idea, sometimes one phrase, at a time; it attempts, in his own words, ‘to stand still and consider.’” (Pg. xiii) Here are a few excerpts from the book:
“All that exists obeys. Man alone occupies a unique status… Placed in the parting of the ways, he must time and again decide which direction to take. The course of his life is, accordingly, unpredictable; no one can write his autobiography in advance.” (Pg. 15)
“Where is the self-understanding that could unfurl the marvel of our own thinking, that could explain the grace of our emptying the concrete with charms of abstraction? What formula could explain and solve the enigma of the very fact of thinking?... The most incomprehensible face is the fact that we comprehend at all.” (Pg. 127)
“Judaism is not committed to a doctrine of original sin and knows nothing of the inherent depravity of human nature. The word ‘flesh’ did not assume in its vocabulary the odor of sinfulness; carnal needs were not thought of as being rooted in evil. Nowhere in the Bible is found any indication of the idea that the soul is imprisoned in a corrupt body, that to seek satisfaction in the world means to lose one’s soul or to forfeit the covenant with God, that allegiance to God demands renunciation of worldly goods.” (Pg. 187)
“To the Greeks, who take the world for granted, nature, order, is the answer. To the Biblical mind in its radical amazement, nature, order, is not an answer but a problem: Why is there order, being at all?” (Pg. 352)
This book will serve admirably as an “Introduction” to Heschel, but also as reminder of those familiar with him of some of his key sayings.