This was an excellent book, which I demolished in two days. It was that readable! It's a keeper - I am certain I will refer back to it many times. Jebelli (a neurobiologist) writes in accessible prose and isn't afraid to get personal - he shares vignettes about families contending with dementia and updates us on their progress later in the book.
Alzheimer's disease is the next pandemic. Despite that, spending on research is pitiful. While there are no truly effective drugs or treatments, Jebelli describes those that hold promise. He emphasizes that every blind alley points us to what's at the root of the disease. For example, it seems we are on the brink of understanding whether the beta-amyloid cascade causes disease or is a symptom of it. Plaques of this protein often herald the tipping point. Still, antibodies for reducing beta-amyloid haven't fulfilled their promise (the latest being aducanumab), but this could be a "too little, too late" issue. Early detection is key and Jebelli mentions how, here, science is accelerating at an exponential rate. We are on the cusp of detecting signs of imminent disease in our blood, hair, or even tears - not to mention retinal scans. If that can be done in an individual's thirties, say, there is time for meaningful intervention. And with the advent of CRISPR technology, gene-editing is not a crazy idea. One day, it is feasible that we could switch out point mutations that cause early onset.
In researching and writing his book, Jebelli has explored the range of possibilities. And this gives me hope: "There is no single path, no one idea to pursue indefinitely. The march of each idea provided the footing for another. And only when enough ideas converge shall we ever reach the summit."
He predicts that there will be a viable intervention for the next generation. To keep the disease at bay, rather like we do for diabetes today. In the meantime, it's plain smart to keep fit and stay intellectually and socially engaged. Why not? However, the book seems to say that we cannot expect people to single-handedly avoid getting Alzheimer's disease. Jebelli's grandfather, who "did everything right," inexplicably got the disease in his mid-seventies. Genetics play a big role, one that science is still unearthing. Mutations like APP and PSEN1, if inherited, will absolutely bring about early onset. APOE4, a gene variant, will tilt the odds towards getting dementia. So, research is imperative - to understand what's cause, what's effect, and why, so often, it's the hippocampus that goes first. He had a fascinating chapter on prions (mishappen proteins that behave like infectious agents) and I couldn't help but wonder if they play a role in the later stages of the disease, once the tau tangles start to appear.
The book left me with more questions than answers but it's curiosity that will save us. As a caregiver, it is easy to resign oneself to thinking that it's just something we'll have to endure - let's just get busy finding ways to keep people with dementia safe, comfortable and engaged. Yes, let's! But, better yet, let's fully understand memory and how best to preserve it throughout our lifetimes.