Classic Men's Fiction Depiction of the Eastern Front Posing as Memoir
"Legion of the Damned" is a fast-paced action novel about a German penal battalion fighting on the Eastern Front in WWII. It purports to be a memoir of a Danish soldier who fought for the Germans. However, as Hassel published follow-on novels to milk the success of his "memoir" it became obvious that the story, as well as the author's "personal experiences" during the war, were fabrications. Nevertheless, "Legion of the Damned," published in 1953, and written in a style best described as post-war men's pulp sex/gore/violence exploitation literature, is considered a classic and iconic anti-war novel. It sold very well globally, led to over a dozen sequels (including that other classic in the series, "Wheels of Terror" that was made into a movie), and turned Sven Hassel into Denmark's best-selling author of all time.
The novel is written in the first person, a character referred to as "Sven" and purported to be the author himself. It follows Sven from a German court martial proceeding where he and his girlfriend are being tried (him for deserting his Wehrmacht unit for a liaison with his girlfriend, and her for aiding a soldier in his desertion) through a series of misadventures (all meant to convey the hopelessness and horror of war) culminating in his unit's eventual defeat and disintegration as the German army is driven from Soviet soil. There are some signs along the way that this "memoir"--while well-written and mesmerizing in its graphic violence, vivid and vicious portrayals of Nazi and Russian brutality, and the grim sexual encounters of its doomed denizens--is certainly not true but a cleverly written piece of war fiction. Some scenes are ridiculous, there are some plot holes along the way, and that our Sven seems to have undergone every type of experience possible in his war that I have ever read in all the other autobiographies of German soldiers put together... well... German veterans of the war never took "Legion of the Damned" seriously. Hassel's fans were largely Americans and Brits who longed to hear revisionist stories of "good Germans" who simply got caught up in the indifferent machinery of history and were never fooled by Hitler and his gang of thugs, thieves and psychopaths.
One suspects the author may have been writing this "memoir" to sanitize his real wartime antics... which were probably ridiculous and unheroic despite his attempts to embellish the record.
Sven Hassel was the pen name of Børge Willy Redsted Pedersen, Denmark's most successful commercial novelist and a colorful, controversial character whose biographical details are sketchy at best. His talented wife, Laura Dorothea Guldbaek Arbing, edited his first two novels and likely wrote much of the rest. She deserves credit for at least being "co-author" on the later books in the series.
What Pederson/Hassel did during the war has always been subject to debate. It is known that a person of his name was arrested in a motor vehicle incident where he was puportedly the driver for a leader in the Danish Nazi-party, DNSAP. He also had a criminal record for petty crimes and impersonating an officer. Did he ever serve in the German Army during the war? He has offered proof but many people have their doubts. He never did serve in a penal battalion and it is known that the 27th Panzer Regiment of the "memoir" never was a penal unit but a regular Wehrmacht tank regiment. There are many details in this book that trained researchers have debunked. And German veterans who served in the same regions never bought it. Oh, well... as novels go it's not a bad read. Depressing, graphic, and cynical, but not a bad read for all that. It's fast-paced and interesting for people who like gritty war novels written from a common soldier's point of view.
Hassel tried to paint all of the "good guys" of the Wehrmacht penal battalions as decent, moderate socialists who hated Hitler and shared with the regular Wehrmacht units a uniform hatred of the Waffen SS combat units. I highly doubt that. I've never found that to be the case in the other autobiographies of German soldiers who served. And while there were dozens of truly hated SS units whose job was to hunt for Jews and partisans, the combat-focused Waffen SS units, while fanatical, were always respected for their military acumen. Retreating, surrounded, or struggling Wehrmacht units on the Eastern front would not turn down help from the SS... nor would they shoot at them as depicted in this "memoir."
Recommended if you really like this sort of carnage. The sexual scenes in this 1953 novel are not particularly graphic (I assume the later books in this series are). Soldiers do have a twisted sense of humor about such things which is not unrealistically portrayed here. But the violence in this is, indeed, graphic. I will read his next novel, "Wheels of Terror," considered a classic war novel, made into a film, and never intended to come across as a memoir. I have read that the rest of the formulaic books in the series were largely written by Pederson/Hassel's wife, Laura Dorothea Guldbaek Arbing. But like almost everything else about Sven Hassel, that may not be true either!
Enjoy... if you like these kinds of novels, you will. Enjoy it, I mean.