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416 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 2006
The organized gay rights movement in the United States began with the founding of the Mattachine Society in Los Angeles in 1951, the same year Cory's book was first published. The principal founder of the Mattachine Society was Henry Hay, a fervent Communist Party member who convinced fellow gay leftists to form an organization of homosexuals that would combat oppression by generating a group consciousness free of negative attitudes toward homosexuality. Hay named his new organization after a traditional European folk dance called Les Mattachines, which was performed in medieval France by groups of unmarried clerics who wore masks while they danced, sang, and satirized the rich and powerful. Hay hoped his modern group would also speak the truth even if its members had to live in disguise.
The Communist Party's strategies and ideology had a great impact on the Mattachinc in its formative years. The structure of the early Mattachine even resembled the cell structure of the Communist Party so that the identity of members would be less likely to be compromised. Because the Mattachine founders believed social change required action by masses of activists, they looked to mobilize a large gay constituency that was capable of militancy if necessary. The first step they took to create a mass gay rights movement was to make homosexuals aware of themselves as a "class." Unless homosexuals began to view themselves as proud members of a class, rather than as sinners or "deviates," they would not connect themselves with a gay rights movement. According to a 1951 mission statement, the goal of the Mattachine Society was to create a "new pride-pride in belonging, a pride in participating in the cultural growth and social achievements of . . . the homosexual minority." To generate such homosexual pride, the Mattachine set up semipublic discussion groups that affirmed the self-worth of participants."