Note: This collection went through two subsequent editions, in 1800 and in 1802, with expanded content. But the 1798 edition which I read and am reviewing here was the original one.
Literary historians typically date the Neoclassical period in Western culture as running from 1688 to 1789, so that it's neatly bracketed by the English Glorious Revolution and the French Revolution. But those political landmarks didn't actually mark comparable sudden, neat revolutions in popular tastes. In particular, Romantic poetry didn't immediately sweep to popularity with readers and critics in 1789. It was, as it were, gathering steam in the ensuing years; but this short collection, published in 1798 and highlighting the work of two great Romantic poets, was really the first of its kind. As such, it has an out-sized, bellwether significance as the herald of a new poetic era in English-language literature, breaking decisively with the Neoclassical school.
Most of the 23 poems in the 1798 edition are by Wordsworth. According to his preface to the 1800 edition, the four here that are by his close friend Coleridge are (in modern spelling) "The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner," "The Foster-Mother's Tale," "The Nightingale," and "The Dungeon." (The 1800 edition also included Coleridge's "Love.") Of these 23, I'd previously read "The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner" (and mentioned it in my review of English Poems from Chaucer to Kipling as one I particularly appreciated), "We Are Seven," and "Tintern Abbey." However, I didn't really remember the latter one very well. (I reread it here, as well as "We Are Seven.”) One common theme that recurs in many of the poems (by both authors) is the quintessentially Romantic view of communion with the natural world/Nature as a central source of joy, fulfillment and even revelation to healthy humans. Another characteristic common to many of the poems here (and stressed by Wordsworth both in the Advertisement for this edition and his 1800 Preface) is the deliberate use of the everyday speech of common English speakers in that day, often to describe events or experiences that are the stuff of ordinary life, in conscious contrast to the grandiloquent diction and preference for “exalted” subjects characteristic of the Neoclassical poets as they imitated classical Greek and Roman models. Of course, with its archaic (even by late 18th-century standards) language and spellings, and its recounting of very unusual events, “The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner” is an exception, but one that illustrates another Romantic characteristic, the embrace of the medieval; its literary models are drawn not from the poets of classic antiquity, but from the ballad tradition of what Wordsworth calls “the elder poets.”
Wordsworth's prose discussions of the purpose of the poems here are valuable in their own right as statements of Romantic literary theory (though Owen's editorial practices make the Preface hard to read; see below). Although he doesn't use the word “emotion” (he characteristically refers to “excitement”), it's clear that he sees evocation of emotion as central to the poetic enterprise. It's also interesting (to me, at least) that he considers meter essential to producing the pleasure that the poetic form uniquely provides and that prose does not. From his discussion, it's clear that he doesn't mean the reader must consciously count the syllables in given lines; rather, the effect of the meter is experienced just in reading or listening to the words.
In my reading of the collection, I first read the poems by Coleridge, to respect the distinct identity of the two authors here as poets in their own right, not clones of each other, though they have similar styles, themes, attitudes and concerns. Both of the first two poems are story-telling poems, a type I particularly like. “The Nightingale” and "The Dungeon” are shorter, responses to experiences or observations that draw lessons from them. The lessons they draw, as is also the case with “The Foster-Mother's Tale," include (in the two latter poems), deprecation of human inhumanity to other humans, and in all three poems exaltation of Nature as benevolent guide to moral and spiritual wholeness. I've read relatively little of Coleridge's work (even in comparison to Wordsworth's, of which I haven't read much), but these examples whet my interest in reading more.
It's not possible, in the scope of a review of this sort, to comment on all 19 poems here by Wordsworth, so I'll speak only to those that I found particularly memorable. The poem we call “Tintern Abbey” (the full title is “Lines written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey”) is an eloquent testimony to the poet's trust in communion with Nature to wordlessly convey moral and spiritual truth and uplift to the human soul. This is compatible with the Apostle Paul's conviction that the created natural world, through the common grace of God, does provide humans with a true revelation of “what may be known about God;” and my reading of the poem this time resonated with me in a way that it didn't before, reminding me of how as a teen and young man I also felt impressed with similar truths in the presence of Nature's created beauty, a sensation I've tended to forget since I've grown older and spent less time outdoors. It's worth noting that both of our authors make other statements here that reflect or are very compatible with Christian beliefs, most notably in the latter part of “The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner." While the textbook treatments of both men that I'd previously read suggested that they were Deists, closer study prompted by reading this collection revealed that both were in fact fairly conservative Christians; Wordsworth was a committed Anglican all his life, and while Coleridge inclined to the Unitarian form of the faith in his younger days, he returned to a traditional Anglican stance by his middle years.
“The Female Vagrant” is the most powerful heart cry against the social injustices of the day that this collection contains (though “The Convict” is also notable), and an excellent example of Wordsworth's story poems. Having recently read all of Hardy's poetical corpus, I could recognize in “The Thorn” a thematic similarity to some of the later poet's work. Other favorites of mine here, in addition to “We are Seven,” were the folktale -like “Goody Blake and Harry Gill,” the surprisingly multicultural dramatic monologue “The Complaint of a Forsaken Indian Woman,” and “The Idiot Boy.”
I read this in the 1969 second edition of the Oxford Univ. Press printing, with an Introduction and other features by W. J. B. Owen, then Professor of English at McMaster Univ., one of Canada's premier higher education institutions. However, I absolutely do not recommend this printing to any readers, even though I'm not familiar with the alternatives; none of the latter could possibly be any worse. Rather than dealing with the themes and historical context and significance of the poems, Owen's nearly 30-page Introduction concentrates on a.) the prehistory of the book's conception and publication, delivered in eye-glazing detail (and with a stress on the two authors' mutual need for money at the time), and b.) minute tracing of definite or possible parallels to various images/phrases in the poems here found in the work of earlier or contemporary poets, many of whom I never heard of. (It wasn't long before I was skimming this, and not much longer before I abandoned it altogether.) The over 25-page Appendix reproduces Wordsworth's preface to the 1800 edition –but with a LOT of text-critical footnotes that drove me up the wall (I normally prefer an editor to establish the best text he/she can, and then let me read it straight through!) and a 6 ½ page footnote quoting added material from the 1802 preface, which ends in mid-sentence but doesn't connect with the continuation of the sentence it interrupts. Confusingly, the Errata appears to be a list of corrections the editor already made to his first edition, not corrections the reader is to make to this one. Finally, the roughly 34-page Commentary (which I also finally gave up on!) on the poems themselves occasionally offers interesting or useful information, but is very difficult to refer to because Owen didn't use end-note numbers. That's also true of the three notes in the Addenda hidden on the last page (and not included in the table of contents!), the separate existence of which makes no sense. It's as if, in these features, the editor were actually trying to make his editorial decisions as perverse as possible. (This criticism doesn't apply to the bit over three-page Select Bibliography, which actually does appear to give a solid listing of useful resources up through 1969, though I didn't recognize any of the secondary authors.)