The first book I read by Ballard was The Drowned World. What I liked most about it was the imagery. The story itself, especially once the action truly began, seemed much less important than the mood Ballard established at the beginning with his lush descriptive writing. However, with Concrete Island, I was immediately captivated by the story.
This is the story of one man, Robert Maitland, and for almost half the book he is the only character. I like that. I like stories that focus on a single individual and especially on the inner workings of that individual’s mind.
The theme of isolation in The Drowned World is even more pronounced in Concrete Island. When two other characters are finally introduced, they are just as isolated as Maitland is. And not just isolated—alienated. They dwell smack in the middle of a traffic interchange, yet they are alienated from the society that streams around and above them.
Maitland’s isolation did not begin when he crashed onto the traffic island. As Jane tells him, “you were on an island long before you crashed here” (141). The accident that trapped him on the island was just the outer manifestation of his inner reality. This is something I liked in The Drowned World: the way Ballard combines the inner world and the outer world.
Maitland is alienated from his family, from his mistress (and the presence of a mistress only reinforces his alienation from his wife), and from society. And this is apparently a pattern in his life. It goes back to his childhood.
“Most of the happier moments of his life had been spent alone” (27).
Once he is stranded on the island, his inner isolation becomes something physical. He is alone. He is invisible. Even when he tries to summon help, no one stops. He can see his office building, but the people within cannot see him. He can see his wife’s car go by, but she cannot see him. No one is expecting him—neither wife nor mistress nor co-workers—so no one will notice that he is gone.
Maitland’s fate is the fate of the individual in the dehumanizing modern world, a technological world that alienates people from each other even as it crowds them closer and closer together, a social world that leaves a man feeling empty even when he possesses all the social marks of success—a Jaguar, a mistress, a high-paying career.
Ballard’s style is less luxuriant in Concrete Island than it was in The Drowned World. Appropriately so. The Drowned World depicted an overgrown tropical jungle. It needed a lush rich language, dense with metaphor and imagery. Concrete Island demands a concrete language, but not one entirely devoid of metaphor. After all, the island on which Maitland is marooned is not entirely devoid of life. There is grass. The grass is personified.
“The grass seethed around him in the light wind, speaking its agreement” (68).
“The grass rustled excitedly, parting in circular waves, beckoning him into its spirals” (68).
“The grass lashed at his feet, as if angry that Maitland still wished to leave its green embrace” (68).
“... he followed the grass passively as it wove its spiral patterns around him” (74).
Maitland goes from trying to escape the island to trying to “dominate” the island. The island, of course, is himself.
“More and more, the island was becoming an exact model of his head. His movement across this forgotten terrain was a journey not merely through the island’s past but through his own” (69-70).
To seek “dominion” over the island is to seek dominion over himself.
Just like in The Drowned World, Ballard introduces more characters and action in the second half of the book, but I think it works better in Concrete Island than it did in The Drowned World. Jane and Proctor are also alienated individuals. Together the three characters reveal three different relationships to the island:
Maitland arrived on the island suddenly, violently, and involuntarily.
Proctor’s arrival was gradual. The highway was simply built around him. Having no motivation to leave, he allowed himself to be isolated. Now the island is his protection from the outside world.
“He deliberately sought out the areas of deepest growth, as if he were most at home in the invisible corridors that he had tunnelled in his endless passages around the island” (127).
Even his little shack serves to shut out the rest of the world.
“The quilted floor merged into the walls, as if the lair had been designed to blunt and muffle all evidence of the world outside” (122).
Jane comes and goes as she pleases, moving mysteriously between the outside world and her isolated island existence. Yet her dealings with the outside world only highlight her alienation. As a prostitute, she forms no real connections. This is her protection. Maitland can relate to this.
“His relationships with Catherine and his mother, even with Helen Fairfax, all the thousand and one emotionally loaded transactions of his childhood, would have been tolerable if he had been able to pay for them in some neutral currency, hard cash across the high-priced counters of these relationships” (142).
This is what the world can do to people. And when it becomes more than they can bear, they retreat from it, slipping in and out silently, without leaving a mark on it, like Jane. Or passively letting it go on around them while remaining apart from it all, like Proctor. Or being abruptly flung out of it by an accident that was waiting to happen, like Maitland.
In Concrete Island, Ballard creates a fitting metaphor for the social and emotional alienation that plagues modern men and women.