This book discusses the reasons, implementation, and results of Tsar Peter’s reforms which arose from his awareness of Russia’s military inadequacy. The Tsar, who was brought up in isolation from the Court and did not benefit from any serious religious education, nurtured contempt for his Orthodox subjects and their notions, as well as admiration for the Spirit of Protestantism and Western technical achievements. The reforms he undertook in the 1710-s were an attempt to replicate the Swedish system of government, but as the Tsar refused to delegate any power to local administrations, those changes in fact reinforced his autocracy. Supplements include bibliography, name index, numerical data on the staff of bureaucratic institutions.