WOW! This book here is one of the best examples of why I love reading so much. I've been through a slight reading slump for a few months (thanks, Javier Marias, I guess...) but the history of this amazing Marstal island in the Baltic sea and of its roving sailors proved to be the best medicine I needed.
Many years ago there lived a man called Laurids Madsen, who went up to Heaven and came down again, thanks to his boots.
The story of a common sailor, and of his set of heavy handmade boots, becomes under the masterful pen of Carsten Jensen, the history of a mighty warship, of an island in the Baltic sea, of the birth of a nation (Denmark). Several generation of Marstal sailors pick up the narrative thread and guide us across the sea lanes, from the Baltic to newly settled Australia, across the Pacific to Hawaii and to the spice islands, then to the rowdy ports of South America or to frozen Newfoundland – sometimes returning to their home island, more often sunk to the bottom of the ocean in a storm or in another war.
The sea was ever-changing, and yet it left him with an impression of sameness. In the autumn he saw it congeal beneath low-hanging layers of stratocumulus cloud. The water moved sluggishly, like liquid mercury. The temperature fell, and when winter announced itself, he saw his own life reflected in the slowly freezing surface of the water.
The clouds above the frozen sea changed, but he was already familiar with them all. There was plenty for the eye to feast on, but nothing for the soul. He had a hunger for something that no sky could satisfy. Somewhere on the planet there had to be a different kind of light. A sea that mirrored new constellations. A bigger moon. A hotter sun.
What drove so many sons of Marstal to a cruel and often fatal life at sea? Tradition? Economic hardships? ( In earlier days, we'd had to cram our houses right on the shoreline because there'd been no room anywhere else: the gentry and the peasants owned the fields. With no other choices open to us, we'd turned our gaze seaward. The oceans were our America: they reached farther than any prairie, untamed as on the first day of creation. Nobody owned them. ) Or the call of adventure? Laurids Madsen takes his heavy boots and disappears somewhere in the Far Eastern seas. His son Albert goes to school in Marstal, suffers under the heavy blows of a sadistic teacher, and dreams of escaping in his turn from shore. To his bitter surprise, life onboard a sailing ship is even harder and more unjust than the one he experienced in school.
"They thrash you on board ship too. It never ends. It goes on and on. You might as well get used to it now."
Stoicism and determination is a valuable lesson for the boys who survive the beatings. As he raises himself from cabin boy to able seaman to pilot, Albert is ready to search for his missing father and for the indefinable 'meaning of life' among the smugglers and the cannibals of the Pacific.
The word 'freedom' was something the world had taught me recently and I'd had to sail far to grasp its meaning. In Hobart Town I heard that word from men who chained themselves to their own greed. Freedom had a thousand faces. But so did crime. The thought of what a man might do made me dizzy.
On the subject of freedom, Jensen has an observation that I have held in high esteem since my school days, taught in different forms by different authors and philosophers: ignorance and selfishness do not equal freedom. In order to really appreciate freedom, one must experience first how to live without it. Jack Lewis is an illegal slave trader, and has this to say:
The savages have no concept of freedom. They're free, but they don't know it. So before they can learn to value their freedom, they must first lose it.
The book reads both like a history and like an adventure novel, but as I got more and more involved in the life of the Marstallers, I began to notice the passion of the author for his subject (he is himself a native of the island), and the lyrical touches that remind me quite strongly of my favorite nautical storyteller, Patrick O'Brian.
There comes a time in the life of a sailor when he no longer belongs ashore. It's then that he surrenders to the Pacific, where no land blocks the eye, where sky and ocean mirror each other until 'above' and 'below' have lost their meaning, and the Milky Way looks like the spume of a breaking wave and the globe itself rolls like a boat in the midst of the sinking and heaving surf of that starry sky, and the sun is nothing but a tiny glowing dot of phosphorescence on the night sea.
also,
A sailor's often asked why he goes ashore. Whenever anyone put that question to Albert, he'd always reply that he hadn't gone ashore, he'd just swapped a small deck for a big one. The whole world was moving forward just like a ship at sea. And our island was just a ship on the endless ocean of time, heading into the future.
Of particular interest in the novel is the form of narration, alternating between third person and second person collective. The "WE" from the title is to be found very frequently in the description of the island and of its inhabitants. It might look like a gimmick in the beginning, but it is particularly effective later on, as the purpose of the author becomes clearer: of looking at society and at history as the result of the meshing of individual lives.
Albert Madsen didn't believe in God and he didn't believe in the devil either. He believed, a little, in mankind's capacity for good; as for evil, he'd seen it for himself on board the ships he'd sailed. He also believed in common sense, but even that wasn't his strongest belief. Above all else, Albert Madsen believed in fellowship.
also,
... it wasn't about obeying or disobeying rules. Life had taught him about something far more complicated than justice. Its name was balance.
A mature Albert returns to Marstal to settle down and open a shipping business. The town prospers in its turn, the Marstal sailors become world famous while the wives and daughters mourn the ones who fail to come back. Albert becomes one of the leaders of the community, and decides to celebrate it with a metaphor set in stone:
... his reason for having 230 men drag a fourteen-ton boulder around on a flatbed. Why now, why in the year 1913?
Before it is too late, before we forget who we are, and why we do what we do.
Fellowship, hard work and balance (common sense) have built up Marstal. But, as Albert notes, the year is 1913, and a world cataclysm is approaching. To make matters worse, the age of sail is dying also, to be replaced by steam and diesels. Will the island survive? Albert believes so, but he is in a minority.
Skipper Levinsen had protested when the breakwater was going to be built, saying, "You should provide only for yourself, not for posterity." Once, the whole town had heaped shame on those words.
But now the shortsighted Levinsen had become our role model.
We live in a shortsighted era ourselves, with fascist world leaders who deny science and rely on fear of the other to hold on to power. For me, it's not enough to point out the sins of society, but to look for solutions. Jensen, through the voice of Albert, and through the collective "We" of the novel, does just that. Without glossing over the hardships and the injustice surrounding us, he looks to the past to find strength for the struggles of the future.
He though about the generations, living on from fathers and mothers to sons and daughters, who in turn grew up to be fathers and mothers who had sons and daughters. Life was like one big marching army. Death ran alongside and picked off a soldier here and there, but that didn't affect the army. Its march continued, and its size didn't seem to diminish. On the contrary, it grew on into eternity, so that no one was alone in death. Someone else would always follow. That was what counted. Such was the chain of life: unbreakable.
Albert Madsen will eventually perish, with tears in his eyes about the senseless loss of life and the wholesale destruction of a world war. But the dance of generations will continue with his adoptive son Knud Erik, who hears the call of the far horizons in his turn, and who will be caught in his turn in a global conflagration. I am not going to do a recap of his adventures, except to note the continuous use of the second person narrative, the 'We' that makes Marstallers so strong in the face of adversity.
Here are instead the rest of the quotes I've bookmarked in the text. I believe they are self-explanatory:
"You died in the end," he said to the shrunken head. "But you fought first."
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One day Marstal will be a good place to grow up in, instead of a place where boys are raised to become fish food, and girls to be their widows. (from Klara Friis, a major character in the story that deserves her own review)
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There's always someone who needs us. We might forget it sometimes. But it's what keeps us alive.
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It was hard to become a man. But he wanted to. He dug in his heels and made himself stupid, pigheaded, and tough. He became a human battering ram. He'd gain access to life, he realized, only if he kicked its door in.
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Sailors were neither better nor worse than other people. It was the situation they found themselves in that encouraged loyalty. In the finite world of the ship, mutual dependency overrode individual survival instinct. Every man knew he'd never make it alone.
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It's depressing reading, actually. Odysseus is the captain, right? He has fantastic adventures. But he doesn't bring back a single one of his crew alive. That's the part we sailors play in this war. We're Odysseus' crew.
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And the child took her hand and pulled her into the dance, and our dance was like a tree that grew and grew, adding rings for every year. [...] But tonight we danced with the drowned. And they were us.