Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy and physiology are often used interchangeably, but they are not the same thing. Though they both study the way the human body works, each focuses on different body functionalities. Anatomy is the study of the human body and the way it operates. An education in anatomy focuses on learning about individual body parts and how each part functions. In comparison, physiology is the study of the systems within the human body. For instance, rather than studying the heart or the lungs, physiology seeks to understand the relationship between the two and how they work within the respiratory system. The big focus for physiologists is how the different systems within the human body work together to create homeostasis.