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321 pages, Kindle Edition
First published January 1, 1845
These men [Federales], Spaniards only in their language and in the confused religious notions preserved among them, must be seen, before a right estimate can be made of the indomitable and haughty character which grows out of this struggle of isolated man with untamed nature, of the rational being with the brute. It is necessary to see thyeir visages bristling with beards, their countenances as grave and serious as the Arabs of Asia, to appreciate the pitying scorn with which they look upon the sedentary denizen of the city, who may have read many books, but who cannot overthrow and slay a fuierce bull, who could not provide himself with a horse from the pampas, who has never met a tiger alone, and received him with a dagger in one hand and a poncho rolled up in the other, to be thrust into the animal's mouth, while he transfixes his heart with his daggerIf this sounds anything like the Khmer Rouge of Cambodia or the Sendero Luminoso of Peru, it is because both were anti-urban movements.
The Argentine Revolutionary War was twofold: 1st, a civilized warfare of the cities against Spain; 2s, a war against the cities on the part of the country chieftains with the view of shaking off all political subjection and satisfying their hatred of civilization. The cities overcame the Spaniards, and were in their turn overcome by the country districts. This is the explanation of the Argentine Revolution, the first shot of which was fired in 1810, and the last is still [as of 1845] to be heard.Fortunately for Argentine history, Quiroga was assassinated and somewhat later Rosas was defeated and hustled into exile. It was only then that Argentina could begin to have the history of a civilized nation -- though it lapsed once again rather badly in the 1970s with the rule of the junta under Videla, Viola, and Galtieri and the "Dirty War" against the montonero guerrillas and their many thousands of sympathizers. But that is another story.
Los serenos cantan a cada cuarto de hora: «¡Viva el ilustre Restaurador! ¡Viva doña Encarnación Ezcurra! ¡Mueran los impíos unitarios!» El sargento primero, al pasar lista a su compañía, repite las mismas palabras; el niño, al levantarse de la cama, saluda al día con la frase sacramental.
El retrato del Restaurador está en la calle, en un dosel, en que los terciopelos colorados se mezclan con los galones y las cordonaduras de oro. Igual movimiento por más días aún; se vive en la calle, en la parroquia privilegiada. Pocos días después, otra parroquia, otra fiesta en otro barrio. Pero ¿hasta cuándo fiestas? ¿Qué, no se cansa este pueblo de espectáculos? ¿Qué entusiasmo es aquél que no se resfría en un mes? ¿Por qué no hacen todas las parroquias su función a un tiempo? No: es el entusiasmo sistemático, ordenado, administrado poco a poco. Un año después, todavía no han concluido las parroquias de dar su fiesta; el vértigo oficial pasa de la ciudad a la campaña, y es cosa de nunca acabar. (Las negritas son mías).
Hombre, pueblo, Nación, Estado, todo: todo está en los humildes bancos de la escuela.