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Le délire et les rêves dans la Gradiva de W. Jensen

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Gradiva, celle qui avance, tel le dieu Mars allant au combat, mais c'est ici au combat de l'amour. Et Gradiva rediviva, celle qui réapparaît à l'heure chaude de midi et qui va, non sans malice, donner vie, forme, objet au désir d'un archéologue fou.

En cette jeune fille à la démarche inimitable Freud a-t-il reconnu la jeune psychanalyse comme il a pu trouver dans Pompéi, la cité ensevelie et conservée, une métaphore exemplaire du refoulé et de son troublant retour ?

On trouvera à la fin du volume une notice sur le bas-relief qui est à l'origine de la nouvelle ainsi que trois savoureuses lettres (inédites) de Jensen en réponse aux questions indiscrètes que lui posait son interprète.

249 pages, Pocket Book

First published November 1, 1992

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576 people want to read

About the author

Sigmund Freud

4,417 books8,471 followers
Dr. Sigismund Freud (later changed to Sigmund) was a neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, who created an entirely new approach to the understanding of the human personality. He is regarded as one of the most influential—and controversial—minds of the 20th century.

In 1873, Freud began to study medicine at the University of Vienna. After graduating, he worked at the Vienna General Hospital. He collaborated with Josef Breuer in treating hysteria by the recall of painful experiences under hypnosis. In 1885, Freud went to Paris as a student of the neurologist Jean Charcot. On his return to Vienna the following year, Freud set up in private practice, specialising in nervous and brain disorders. The same year he married Martha Bernays, with whom he had six children.

Freud developed the theory that humans have an unconscious in which sexual and aggressive impulses are in perpetual conflict for supremacy with the defences against them. In 1897, he began an intensive analysis of himself. In 1900, his major work 'The Interpretation of Dreams' was published in which Freud analysed dreams in terms of unconscious desires and experiences.

In 1902, Freud was appointed Professor of Neuropathology at the University of Vienna, a post he held until 1938. Although the medical establishment disagreed with many of his theories, a group of pupils and followers began to gather around Freud. In 1910, the International Psychoanalytic Association was founded with Carl Jung, a close associate of Freud's, as the president. Jung later broke with Freud and developed his own theories.

After World War One, Freud spent less time in clinical observation and concentrated on the application of his theories to history, art, literature and anthropology. In 1923, he published 'The Ego and the Id', which suggested a new structural model of the mind, divided into the 'id, the 'ego' and the 'superego'.

In 1933, the Nazis publicly burnt a number of Freud's books. In 1938, shortly after the Nazis annexed Austria, Freud left Vienna for London with his wife and daughter Anna.

Freud had been diagnosed with cancer of the jaw in 1923, and underwent more than 30 operations. He died of cancer on 23 September 1939.

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5 stars
117 (25%)
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166 (35%)
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 36 reviews
Profile Image for امیرمحمد حیدری.
Author 1 book73 followers
February 24, 2022
برگردانِ فارسی این کتاب «هذیان و رؤیا» نام دارد. فروید رمان نوشته است؟ اصلاً نمی‌دانستم و فکرش را هم نمی‌کردم. رمانک ساده‌ای بود، سرراست و هدف‌دار. برای ادای یک جنبه‌ی خاص از انسان: رؤیا. البته که فروید ضعیف عمل کرده است، اما به‌هرحال فکر نمی‌کنم او هیچ‌وقت قصد داستان‌نویسی حرفه‌ای را داشته است. برای خواندن یک کتاب متفاوت از فروید و تفسیرش، می‌توانید به عنوان مذکور رجوع کنید.
Profile Image for Adriana Scarpin.
1,734 reviews
September 1, 2015
Um trabalho de interpretação bastante detalhado e impressionante por parte de Freud, não vou dizer que não existam algumas escorregadelas projetivas do próprio autor, mas em geral é um belo trabalho que engrandece o livro de Jensen.
Profile Image for Djo :D.
65 reviews4 followers
November 25, 2023
wasn’t that bad but again, emmanuelle ruined it.
Profile Image for Ariane Brosseau.
248 reviews111 followers
January 25, 2017
J'ai grimacé quand j'ai vu le nom de l'auteur sur mon plan de cours de Littérature et psychanalyse. J'ai aussi grimacé en voyant le prix du livre. Mais, hey! C'était vraiment plus chouette que prévu!

D'abord, la première moitié du livre est consacrée au texte original, Gradiva, fantaisie pompéienne de Wilhelm Jensen, qui raconte l'histoire de Norbert Hanold, un jeune archéologue obsédé par une femme gravée dans un bas-relief. Ouain, dit de même... Mais ce qui est captivant avec ce texte, c'est la manière dont l'auteur écrit les épisodes de rêve. Ils sont si justes dans leur incohérence, dans leur mélange d'événements, de bribes de phrases entendues et de désirs que j'avais l'impression de réellement pouvoir me glisser dans les songes de quelqu'un d'autre. Je vous entends déjà dire «Donc...c'était endormant?» ...Oui...en quelque sorte. Entendons-nous pour dire que c'était une lecture confortable et reposante. Jusqu'à ce que Norbert Hanold frappe Gradiva et qu'il constate qu'elle est faite de chair. (L'amatrice de suspense et d'horreur que je suis a sursauté, avant de se souvenir qu'on parlait d'un livre de Freud, quand même.)

La deuxième moitié du livre correspondait à la réflexion de Freud sur ce texte. Pour un psychanalyste, je l'ai trouvé passablement imbu de lui-même, mais agréablement limpide. Et même si je n'adhère pas à toutes ses théories sur les rêves, j'ai trouvé son analyse de Gradiva intéressante.

En espérant que cette lecture ne se trouve pas parmi mes «restes diurnes» et que je n'en rêve pas cette nuit...
Profile Image for M..
89 reviews10 followers
March 5, 2015
For Freud, everything is erotic. Nonetheless, I can't deny that his analysis is impressive
Profile Image for Unnur.
69 reviews
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September 25, 2023
Nú er ég alls engin Freud manneskja en ég verð að viðurkenna að þessi bókmenntagreining var bara nokkuð góð hjá kallinum
Profile Image for Argiris Fakkas.
308 reviews18 followers
July 3, 2020
A thorough analysis of the work "Gradiva". In this essay Freud enlightens and manifests to us various details of the novella that would otherwise be unnoticed. He explains the motives and the behavior of the two protagonists in the story, at least from a psychological viewpoint. I really liked his analysis of the dreams that Norbert Hanold has in the novella.

The only things that I didn't particularly enjoy in this essay was the somewhat tedious summary of the "Gradiva" storyline at the beginning and the feeling that Freud was (at least to some degree) overanalyzing and noticing some notions that weren't present in the novella.
Profile Image for PagePainedWriter.
1 review
January 2, 2019
Imma kill Creud with my bare hands when I meet him hell. He set dbt back decades and made all his money on the backs of suffering women victims of abuse. All in all, a great big dick of history and if one of my psych teachers ask me to analyze his work again I will only give in my flattened eyeballs in a portfolio.
Profile Image for Catherine.
Author 5 books21 followers
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October 30, 2012
Norbert et Freud tes best friends. Genre.
35 reviews5 followers
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February 15, 2024
(lu pour littérature et langage)
rip tarantino you would’ve loved gradiva #footfetish
Profile Image for Uğur.
472 reviews
March 20, 2023
tracing a third field outside the duality of the conscious and the subconscious and trying to reveal the evidence of the existence of the field that would be called the unconscious. And what Freud was looking for seemed to suddenly come across him. Because the book described how completely unconscious elements "produce" human beings. The archaeologist Norbert Hanold fell in love with the art and aesthetic value of the relief he saw in Rome and took a sample of it to his home. Hanold, who spends his days looking at this relief, named it "gradiva", which means the girl who walks. And one day he comes across gradiva in his dream. Pompeii is at the moment when the volcano is active, and although he wants to save it, he cannot save the gradiva from there. The step he took while waking up from his dream and looking out the window while picking up the skirt of an incredibly simple girl on what he saw in the relief and what really impressed him was processed. And Hanold saw the same person on the street who he noticed was the same walk, even the same legs, and even the same angle of step. He throws himself into the street to find her. From that moment on, an irreversible reflex was formed in Hanold. Now he will look for those steps, that woman, in the squares on those streets. Now exhausted, Hanold decides to leave the city and take some vacation. The route to Naples, Rome and Pompeii is actually a tragic choice for him. When he arrives in Pompeii, he encounters what he is trying to escape again, and accepts a young woman he sees as the spirit of gradiva, who perished under the lava thousands of years ago. Although it is more accurate to say ghost, because he has been chasing that dream for days. In the rest of the novel, he realizes that the gradiva he is actually caught up with is none other than his childhood love. Hanold, with whom he grew up, moved away during adolescence, and was quite introverted during his teenage years and 'almost' asexual with his work life, destroyed his childhood love because of this general attitude. As her communication with her childhood sweetheart named Zoë begins to change, Zoë waits quietly for the new role that Hanold has assigned to her in order to understand what is happening without disrupting this flow. At the end of the novel, they are now lovers. Freud also deals with the healing of love here. Gradiva is her lost mother, and the case in Pompeii is the loss of her mother. He says he created the gradiva because he wanted to bring her back to life. The emotional state that Hanold entered into would later be called Stendhal Syndrome. As in the case of Gradiva, this syndrome has puzzled him by the step taken by a young girl who is a simple figure and who has gathered her skirts with her hands while crossing the river and the angle of that step. The excitement and adrenaline created by this effect are at a level that can make people dizzy. As someone who suffers from this, I write that one can be truly helpless in the face of perfection in simplicity by looking out of the novel's protagonist and looking at myself. A sculpture, a painting, a piece of music, or the role that an entity completes in the frame at that moment (even a cat's paw can cause this) can create the Gravida effect in the novel. To go beyond the power of this influence and approach the subject a little more philosophically, I could not help asking: how useful can psychoanalytic analyses be made through the character of a designed, constructed novel? Where are the writer's psychoanalytic processes in this fiction? Does the main character analysis mean analyzing the author? There are many question marks such as the argument against the answers to be given can be presented in a logical way. This work impressed me a lot.
Profile Image for Rodrigo Díaz.
29 reviews
October 29, 2025
Resulta que Freud es un buen escritor. Escribe agradablemente, y eso es una razón suficiente para leerlo. Reconoce el valor de la literatura como depósito de conocimiento y eso le permite replicar en sus textos formas discursivas atractivas de las que algunos científicos y filósofos gustan de carecer.
Leer a Freud con principio de caridad es reconocer que tiene un valor que hay que aprender a ver. Es valioso por lo que dice pero no siempre: sus aseveraciones sobre la homosexualidad y la heterosexualidad como pivote y régimen de su modelo están ya corregidas y aumentadas. Sin embargo, el aporte tiene que ver con el modelo de conocimiento que Freud propone para entender la psique: el relato. El homo sapiens es un humano narrativo, y gran parte de lo que es está sostenido en relatos de sí mismo, al grado de que el cuerpo es también una manifestación de esos relatos. He ahí otra gran aportación: lo psicosomático, es decir, el cuerpo como configuración de la psique. Freud es el primero en advertir que el cuerpo habla.
Sin ambiciones de ver en el discurso freudiano verdades literales, sus textos pueden ser estimulantes en niveles distintos a los del contenido meramente aseverativo.
Profile Image for Maryam.
99 reviews
March 16, 2022
.
این کتاب یه جستار از فرویده درباره‌ی تطابقی که سیر داستانی رمان کوتاه گرادیوا داره با بوجود آمدن حالت هذیان و طریقه‌ی درمانش در روانشناسی. در واقع فروید این رمان کوتاه رو خونده و انگشت به دهن مونده که چطور نویسنده‌ی رمان بدون اینکه از نظرات جدید و شخصی اون اطلاعی داشته باشه همون نظرات رو به قالب قصه تایید کرده. بعد هم بدون اینکه تماسی با نویسنده گرفته باشه و مستقیما با اون گفتگو کنه با حدس و گمان سعی کرده علل و انگیزه‌های شخصیت‌ها و البته تطابق عجیب افکار نویسنده با افکار خودش رو به نحوی تحلیل کنه. : )
و کارش واقعا خنده‌داره. نویسنده‌ی گرادیوا با منطق قصه‌ش رو جلو برده و هرجا محرکی برای اعمال شخصیت اصلی لازم بوده از خواب استفاده کرده. مثلا اگه منطق قصه ایجاب می‌کرده شخصیت اصلی به شهر باستانی پمپی سفر کنه، با دیدن یه خواب انگیزه‌ی سفر رو به شخصیتش القا می‌کرده. بعد فروید تو جستارش سعی کرده از این خواب‌ها رمزگشایی کنه. البته بهش ایرادی نمی‌شه گرفت. فروید داستان‌نویس نبوده و با ترفند‌های داستان‌نویسی آشنا نبوده.

به کتاب چهار ستاره می‌دم فقط به خاطر رمان کوتاه گرادیوا که واقعا جذاب بود.
Profile Image for Ayyuce Demirbas.
28 reviews23 followers
March 16, 2024
Kitabın hem İngilizcesini hem de Türkçesini okuduğum için bitirmem biraz zaman aldı. (İngilizcesini buradan okuyabilirsiniz: https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~cavitch/pd...) Öncelikle şunu söyleyeyim, Oda Yayınları'nın baskısını alıyorsanız benim yaptığım gibi Gradiva kitabını ayrıca alma hatasına düşmeyin çünkü Oda Yayınları'nın kitabı hem Gradiva'yı hem de Freud'un analizini içeriyor zaten. Freud'un analizinin çevirisi güzel yapılmış. Muhtemelen Almanca'dan çevirmişlerdir tabii ama en azından İngilizcesi ile Türkçesi arasında bir fark göremedim ben. Gradiva kitabına yaptığım yorumda da belirtmiştim, Freud Museum London tarafından düzenlenen bir etkinliğe (https://www.freud.org.uk/event/from-t...) katılacağım için okudum bu kitapları. Bu müzenin etkinlikleri güzel oluyor genelde. Londra'ya gittiğimde ziyaret etseymişim keşke diye düşünüyorum hep, ama o zaman Freud ve eserlerine olan ilgim bu kadar yüksek değildi açıkçası.
7 reviews1 follower
March 17, 2022
Saya pikir, Sigmund Freud sudah menginterpretasikan setiap mimpi yang dialami oleh Hanold dengan detail dan memberikan berbagai sudut pandangnya untuk menguatkan argumentasi, mengenai delusi yang dialami oleh Hanold dari repressive memorinya. Sigmund juga berhasil menemukan ketertarikan Hanold kepada Gradiva sebenarnya adalah ketertarikannya kepada sahabat lamanya, Zoe, yang tidak disadari Hanold selama ini. Terlebih lagi Zoe memiliki figur tubuh dan cara berjalan yang sama persis dengan Gradiva.

Menurut saya pribadi, novel Gradiva sendiri juga novel yang menarik karena memiliki alur yang awalnya cukup membuat penasaran pembaca karena pembaca harus menilai mana yang realita, mana yang delusinya Hanold sendiri. Novel Gradiva juga menyajikan alur yang menarik bahwa Gradiva yang selama ini Hanold temui di Pompeii ternyata adalah Zoe, sahabat semasa kecilnya sendiri yang ia lupakan. Tidak disangka - sangka, novel Gradiva berakhir menghadirkan nuansa romantis antara Hanold dan Zoe
Profile Image for Román Hernández.
160 reviews7 followers
April 5, 2022
En Interpretación de los sueños fue donde Freud utiliza el mito griego para constituir una de sus teorías que conforman el psicoanálisis: el Edipo. En cambio, en "Sueños de Gradiva" usa un texto literario para componer una reflexión clínica sobre los delirios, en especial el erotomaniaco, como una forma de encubrir un deseo erótico que ha sido reprimido y busca expresarse a través de un delirio.
Este volumen se organiza por otros textos que entre ellos resaltó: "Fantasía y creación literaria". Justamente me apasiona el psicoanálisis por el hecho de relacionarse estrechamente con la literatura.
La fantasía es la herramienta de trabajo del escritor pero ¿de dónde proviene y qué función tiene en nuestra mente la fantasía? Se plantea la teoría de la fantasía y su relación con el desarrollo de síntomas patológicos.
También incluye la Novela Familiar del neurótico que sera una de las fantasías del neurótico en relación al Edipo.
Todo un deleite leer este volumen
6 reviews
May 21, 2021
Freud sets his bar in his analysis saying he would only like to talk about two dreams in all their manifold details from Jensen's book through which we came to touch the structure of the overarching delusion. A dream is also a delusion, a compromise formation between that of the repressed and the conscious to the extent that in some cases, delusions are triggered by dreams when the resistance is the lowest. Freud's analysis is by the details, for the details and of the details. And these details are divine: why in second dream Gradiva was seen sitting on the sun? why catching lizard? how come there was a mention of a female colleague in the second dream?
Reading Freud is always such a divine exercise in details. Thus 5/5.
Profile Image for André Ramalho.
Author 4 books1 follower
June 23, 2021
Belo livro e ponto de vista de Dr. Freud sobre o livro de Jensen. Delírios são desencadeados por sonhos quando a resistência é baixa. A análise de Freud é pelos detalhes, dos detalhes contidos nos detalhes. O romance conta a história de um jovem arqueólogo alemão, Norbert Hanhold, que fica fascinado pela imagem de uma jovem mulher esculpida num baixo relevo do Museu Arqueológico Nacional de Nápoles. Ótima reflexão inclusive sobre a "objetificação" e reificação dos desejos. Recomendo vivamente.
Profile Image for Lance Grabmiller.
591 reviews23 followers
December 3, 2024
Despite how this is listed in Goodreads, it is actually Wilhelm Jensen's Gradiva followed by the Freud analysis. Gradiva is a sort of sweet little hallucinatory journey that I enjoyed, but I could have done without the Freud piece, especially since half of it is just recounting the Jensen story.
Profile Image for Gaelle.
24 reviews
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January 28, 2025
j’ai bien aimé la nouvelle, mais l’analyse de freud, pardon, je ne parviens pas à l’apprécier ainsi qu’à suivre sa réflexion… je n’ai pas terminé de la lire. je ne pense pas achever ma lecture de cette analyse non plus any time soon…
Profile Image for Scapa Sylvain.
33 reviews2 followers
May 30, 2018
Un livre majeur pour l'utilisation de la psychanalyse appliquée aux Textes : La textanalyse.
En plus l'histoire originale (éditée en Français vers 1949) est très symapthique...
Profile Image for Aydin Akinci.
96 reviews2 followers
July 15, 2018
Güzel bir novella, Freud'un çözümlemesiyle birlikte basılması ve iki çevirininde aynı elden çıkması çok isabetli olmuş. Ayrıca çevirmeninde kitap sonunda çözümleye ayrı yorumu var 😊.
Profile Image for louise ୨୧.
104 reviews4 followers
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October 9, 2023
pour les cours
nul chiant honnêtement j’ai pas aimé, l’intrigue est prenante ça pourrait être mimi mais ouais

et puis le commentaire de freud…… ok mec
Profile Image for Hannah Piette.
20 reviews1 follower
May 25, 2025
Freud meets his young archaeologist… lizard dreams of love
Profile Image for Sparrow ..
Author 24 books28 followers
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April 14, 2015
This is a highly controversial book (or at the very least my friend Josie and I disagree about it). In the summer of 1906 Freud read a novella by a German guy named Wilhelm Jensen & decided to treat it as a psychological case study.
Why such an obscure literary work? Perhaps because the greatest literature cannot be exactly “analyzed.” Faulkner, for example, reaches beyond the merely neurotic to touch the feet of the gods.

“Gradiva: A Pompeiian Fancy,” on the other hand, was just waiting for Freud to explicate. It’s the story of a German youth named Norbert Hanold who’s obsessed – like Freud himself – with ancient Classical artifacts. In particular, he’s attracted to a woman depicted in a bas-relief in Rome, especially by the way she walks:

“The left foot had advanced, and the right, about to follow, touched the ground only lightly with the tips of the toes, while the sole and heel were raised almost vertically. This movement produced a double impression of exceptional agility and a confident composure, and the flight-like poise, combined with a firm step, lent her… peculiar grace.”

Norbert decides to call her Gradiva. I’m not going to give away any more of the plot. That’s part of my neurosis – I hate plot-divulging. (Perhaps because my mother is oral-expulsive.)

(But I should explain that this edition – published by The Beacon Press of Boston in 1956 – includes the whole novella as a free 89 page appendix. Plus an essay with the delightful title “The Relation of the Poet to Daydreaming.” In fact, here’s an excerpt of it:

“The play of children is determined by their wishes – really by the child’s one wish, which is to be grown-up… He always plays at being grown-up; in play he imitates what is known to him of the lives of adults.”)
Displaying 1 - 30 of 36 reviews

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