SAKHAROV UNE BIOGRAPHIE

by Richard Lourie

Andreï Sakharov (Moscou,1921 -1989), physicien, scientifique renommé, « père de la bombe H soviétique », a conçu des armes thermonucléaires et évalué les conséquences possibles de leur utilisation abusive. Sakharov a également fixé les principes moraux de la dissidence, reconnus dans le monde entier, et est devenu par la suite le célèbre chef de file des opposants au régime. Son infatigable et courageuse action en faveur des droits de l''homme lui a valu le prix Nobel de la paix, en 1975, six ans d''exil intérieur à Gorki - ville fermée aux étrangers -, puis la réhabilitation en 1986, grâce à la perestroïka. Avec sa femme, Elena Bonner, il est devenu un symbole de la lutte pour la dignité de l''homme. Sakharov a fait partie des privilégiés du pouvoir, puis subi les brimades du KGB, avant d''entamer, à la fin de sa vie, une carrière politique pour réformer la constitution.C''est cette existence hors du commun que nous retrace ici Richard Lourie, traducteur des mémoires de Sakharov. À partir d''une multitude de documents - dont les dossiers longtemps secrets du KGB et la correspondance personnelle de Sakharov -, il nous raconte l''histoire d''une vie étroitement liée à celle de son pays. Sakharov a contribué à transformer l''Union soviétique en superpuissance en même temps qu''il l''a forcée à rendre compte au monde entier de ce qu''elle faisait endurer à ses citoyens. Cette première biographie complète, intelligente et détaillée, d''une lecture aisée, rend justice aux multiples facettes de ce personnage complexe. C''est aussi une véritable mine d''informations sur le destin de l''Union soviétique.

Genres: Biography, Russia, Science, History

512 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 2002

Reviews

[Gini · Rating 5 out of 5]

I didn't know anything about Andrei Sakharov, other than the vague sense I'd seen his name in the newspaper once, until I read David Remnick's The Last Days of the Soviet Union. In it, he described the creator of Russia H-Bomb as a saint. Richard Lourie's 2002 Biography Sakharov, a physist-turned-dissident who couldn't be silenced even through exile, enriched this profile, and Sakharov comes across -- without idolatry or hero worship -- as a kind of Christ figure-- gentle and quiet yet forceful and eloquent whether confronting the KGB or Communist Party leaders.

I couldn't even check out this book from the New York Public Library; according to the online catalog there was only one copy, which one had to read on location. I bought my hardcover copy used for a $1.98 on amazon. Sadly, Sakharov is probably remembered mainly by Russians, and some western historians; of course he is a man, not Christ but his life is secularly as inspiring and worth emulating as any saint.

[Neal Alexander · Rating 3 out of 5]

There aren’t many genuinely heroic scientists: even Galileo abjured heliocentrism under threat of torture. Sakharov was one of the most prestigious scientists in the Soviet Union thanks to his work on its atomic weapons, but he suffered the consequences of speaking out frankly against injustice. At the 1964 congress of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, he denounced Lysenko, something which had cost many others their lives. That’s when the KGB started a file on him. Later in the 1960s he publicly criticized the development of anti-ballistic missiles, and in 1970 was a founder of the Human Rights Committee in the Soviet Union. He was arrested in 1980 and exiled internally. The book conveys the grim reality of what it means to be force-fed when on hunger strike. Sakharov was released by Gorbachev and participated in those tumultuous years before his death in 1989.

Unfortunately this book patronises Sakharov’s compatriots and is occasionally misogynist: repeating WWII rape jokes, and describing how the 1991 coup against Gorbachev was foiled with the help of "patriot sluts of Moscow lowering themselves into the tanks to distract the boys".

[Aaron Crofut · Rating 3 out of 5]

I grabbed this from a library discard pile, but the reason I picked this one up among the hundred or so there is my growing interest in Soviet dissidents. Reading the cover flap and a quick Internet search, I figured it was worth the time to read a medium size biography on Andrei Sakharov. I wouldn't turn someone away from this book, but I think I would rather have read the man's memoirs (the one not confiscated by the KGB). Sakharov has two main claims to fame: the inventor of the Soviet H-Bomb and as a dissident. This book is very thin on the former, which is a bit of a disappointment. Based on this, I'm really quite puzzled why he deserves that title. The biographer also skips over some apparently important points, such as why Grisha Umansky is so important.

The transformation from a shy intellectual to a constant thorn in the side of the KGB was much more interesting. Really, this would have been much better if it just dropped the first 50 years of Sakharov's life, gave a ten page introduction to the man, and then became a study in the various dissidents who flit in and out of the book. I would love to have seen a detailed comparison of Sakharov and Solzhenitsyn, who knew each other and had a different view of the world. This difference comes into and out of the picture too quickly to really make too much of it, as do a number of the dissidents (that said, if you do pick this up, keep a notecard of who those people are; they might be worth looking into).

Overall, I give it 3 of 5 stars. I wouldn't talk someone out of it (or any book highlighting the horrors of the "workers republic"), and I learned some from it, but I think there might be better works out there.

[Jane Barber · Rating 5 out of 5]

Ed: William R. Hively. Biography. Was much moved. Heroic actions from scientist. Quiet activism, he later was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
From Amazon: "Seemingly shy, Andrei Sakharov was in fact a man of three great passions. His passion for physics ultimately lead him to create the Soviet H-Bomb, making the USSR a super power. But he rejected all the position and prestige his inventions had brought him in the name of a greater passion — for justice. And yielding nothing to these two passions was his passion for human rights activist Elena Bonner, their love story one of the great romances of our time."

[Rogier · Rating 4 out of 5]

It is very funny to be sitting here in an appartment in New York, in 2008 reading this book, and to see the courage it took for Sakharov to stand up and speak his conscience, in a very repressive ideological system, when all around me in this country the same is going on with amongst other things the ideological push for creationism, and the near impossibility to teach evolution in schools. Sakharov's arguments that such ideological repression threatened progress in the Soviet Union are all too directly applicable here today. There would be many other examples, including such absurdities as teaching abstinence in lieu of using condoms to prevent the spread of VD. It is really hard to believe that this goes on in a "free" society. And it is humbling to see the fight that Sakharov pursued, when at some level it seems so evidently pointless.

The way he stood up for the stopping of the insanity of nuclear testing is equally very impressive. I felt very deeply connected to that, for at age 12 I wrote an essay for a high school admission contest on nuclear genetics, for which I was then awarded a book by Prof. Carl-Friedrich von Weizsäcker, on the dangers of atmospheric nuclear explosions. And though evidently his path of conscience was different than Sakharov's it remains an interesting parallel, that so many of the early developers on nuclear technology ended up becoming such powerful advocates against it, though meanwhile the damage had been done. And both Sakharov and von Weizsäcker worked on the bomb for totalitarian regimes, and evidently at some point came to the realization that it's power was too devastating, and became advocates against these weapons.

On a political level, this book makes good reading for understanding a little better just how the Soviet Union really worked, and the absurdities of life there. Just how much the state did not know what to make of Sakharov borders on the comical from time to time. So the book can pre appreciated in a great many different ways.

[RYD · Rating 4 out of 5]

Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov isn't a figure you hear much about nowadays, but he was a towering moral voice in the 1970s and 80s. This book, like all good biographies, relates not only Sakharov's life but a history of the times he lived in. It is humbling to read about Sakharov's transformation from establishment nuclear scientist to principled defender of human freedoms.

[John · Rating 3 out of 5]

This is a well written biography of Sakharov, voted by the Russians as the 3rd most significant person of the 20th century (after Lenin and Stalin). They built the Soviet Union; he helped tear it apart. He's a fascinating figure - a great scientist who became a politician and symbol of change and conscience in the USSR.

[Clayton Brannon · Rating 5 out of 5]

Well written authoritative account of one the three most influential men in 20th Century Russian History.