A FRENCH THEOLOGIAN PROVIDES A ‘LITERARY INTERPRETATION’ OF GENESIS
French theologian Henri Blocher wrote in the first chapter of this 1979 book, “Curiosity about our beginnings continues to haunt the human race. It will not call off the quest for its origins… The human race quite rightly feels that it cannot find its bearings for life today without having light shed on its origins. Over a long period the biblical book of Genesis, and notably its opening chapters, provided successive generations with ‘THE’ undisputed reply. Augustine never tired of commenting on it… A vast number of believing Christians still turn to it as THE text. The position, however, has changed. It is now challenged by other visions of mankind’s earliest days, and varying interpretations of the very text of Genesis abound… We must consider how we are to approach Genesis.” (Pg. 15-16)
He explains, “Our preliminary description can therefore be confined to the two tablets of creation. Why ‘tablets’? We use the word to recall the writing techniques used at the time of Genesis…Why ‘two’? At the very first glance one can recognize two quite distinct groupings; 1:1-2:3(4), and 2:4-3:24.” (Pg. 27) He continues, “The first table resembles a panoramic prologue, the inspiration for the prologue of John’s Gospel…. The inversion from ‘the heavens and the earth'; to ‘the earth and the heavens’ in 2:4 symbolizes the changes in perspective from one table to the other.” (Pg. 31)
He asks, “Is it prose or poetry? The choice is a gross oversimplification. Even [E.J.] Young who wishes to see in Genesis 1 only ‘straightforward history,’ recognizes without any sense of inconsistency that the chapter is ‘written in exalted, semi-poetical language.’ … we do not find here the rhythms of Hebrew poetry, nor its more or less synonymous parallelism. The reader of the original, however, is sensitive to the rhythm of the sentences, he notices a number of alliterations and one phrase which is confined to poetry, ‘beast of the field.’” (Pg. 32)
He continues, “At this point the question presses on us: what are we to understand literally?... One point ought to be established. The alternative of all or nothing rests on purely arbitrarily grounds. The use of figurative language by no means determines the main question, that of the connection of the narrative with events that are located and dated from the beginning. The acknowledgement of symbolic elements hardly weighs at all in favor of a symbolic interpretation of the whole. Conversely, those who favor the literal historicity of the content have no reason to demand the same literalness of the language. Scripture… frequently recounts the passage of history in the categories of parable and allegory, and expressed the facts it recalls in images in symbols.” (Pg. 37)
He states, “The rejection of all the theories accepted by the scientists requires considerably bravado. It may be said that the work of neo-catastrophist writers shows courage, not ignorance. Nevertheless, current opinions, built on the studies of thousands of research scientists who keep a very close eye on one another, continue to look very probable. Anyone rejecting them is taking an immense step. One must be absolutely sure of one’s ground, especially since the neo-catastrophist hypothesis raises formidable objections. One must be sure that the text DEMANDS the literal interpretation. It must not be adopted out of loyalty to the past, out of sheer habit, or from a reflex hardening before the possible threat of apostasy. Might that in fact be the case? (Pg. 48)
He argues, “The literary interpretation takes the form of the week attributed to the work of creation to be an artistic arrangement, a modest example of anthropomorphism that is not to be taken literally. The author’s intention is not to provide us with a chronology of origins… he wishes to bring out certain themes and provide a theology of the sabbath. The text is composed as the author meditates on the finished work, so that we may understand how the creation is related to God and what is its significance for mankind. This hypothesis overcomes a number of problems that plagued the commentators. It recognizes ordinary days but take them in the context of one large figurative whole. The differences in the order between the two ‘tablets’ no longer cause difficulties, neither does the delay in the creation of the stars… We must not espouse the theory on the grounds of its convenience but only if the text leads us in that direction. To put it plainly, both the genre and the style of the Genesis 1 prologue, as our introductory chapter saw them, provide strong grounds for presuming in favor of the literary interpretation” (Pg. 50)
He summarizes, “The writer has given us a masterly elaboration of a fitting, restrained anthropomorphic vision, in order to convey a whole complex of deeply mediated ideas. Of that we have no doubt; through whether it is the content or the form that calls forth the greater admiration, we cannot tell.” (Pg. 59)
He states in the Appendix, “The interpretation of the Bible must not be overshadowed by the hypotheses current among scientists today. Moses knew nothing about them, and we must put them out of our minds if we are going to understand this meaning properly without any interference in the meaning of the divine Word. But after that it would be irresponsible to extend this methodological neglect. The universal reign of the one true God forbids such schizophrenic compartmentalization. The believer can avoid neither cautious critical examination of the theories nor the task of linking his conclusions to the teaching of divine revelation. Everybody, obviously, must do this within the limits of his own calling.” (Pg. 213)
This book will be of keen interest to Christians considering different approaches to the Book of Genesis.