Since Moazzam Begg’s was released from one of the toughest and the most notorious concentration camps in the world, Guantanamo Bay detention centre, I have been more than curious to read about his experiences both within the Guantanamo Bay and what led to his unlawful detention. I have read this book some months earlier and later again for the purpose of this review, and so that I can share the story of one of the most recognisable Muslim faces in Britain.
This story is not about a gang related terror group nor did the experiences in this story lead to events that caused mass killings of innocent people. This is the story of Moazzam Begg who faced indescribable levels of personal trials and tribulations during his years in an American concentration camp. The term concentration or torture camp is never used in the book, to my recollection, however, after reading this book and other books on a similar subject, the Guantanamo Bay detention centre is our own modern day concentration camp by any other name. Hitler, Stalin, Netanyahu and Pol Pot would be proud of our Anglo-American achievements.
The book starts from the time when Begg was in Pakistan on a family vacation enjoying the land of his ancestors. He was in his room playing around on this laptop when there was a late night knock at the door and upon answering it he was surrounded by Pakistani police and intelligence officers. Disorientated and overwhelmed with irritation, emotion and distress, Begg became unsure of what was happening to him. Unknown to Begg his life was about to inextricably change for the worse. He was about to enter the jaws of hell and never to return as the same man. For the next couple of years, he was constantly moved from one detention camp to another, being interrogated and tortured; when finally, one night he whispered to a fellow detainee “how much more of this can we take, it is becoming impossible”.
The early chapters in the book takes us through his daily life, which was much the same as any other young man with family responsibilities, often exciting, sometimes not so. Nevertheless, he describes in his book about how happy he was and how much he loved his wife and children. He was also exceedingly overwhelmed with excitement about the forthcoming birth of their new baby. Life was pretty much good until that one fateful night.
The outline of the book talks about how emotionally detached, confused and bemused he became by what he was experiencing. No one was talking to him. Everyone seemed to be talking at him. Shouting screaming, yelling at him, followed with very short periods of joy and some rest bite and then it all started again with threats and intimidation. At one point, in the book, in order to share his inner-emotions, he commented that he saw an English (British) speaking official and he became overjoyed with deep emotion and relief and thought this man had come to protect him. Begg quickly realised this man was not his imagined superhero to fly him back to England, he was in fact another one of his callous and torturous jailers.
The book picks up in the middle of chapter 3 where Begg was asked by several boyish friends if he fancied a trip to Afghanistan, into the heart of the Taliban region to visit some of the so called training camps. Begg had thought that these camps were not what we would recognise as military camps but more like a field event for some countryside orientation adventures. Whether this was naivety or stupidity, whatever the description, it is not illegal to misinterpret the role and functions of such camps. After all he was a young man with a sense of boyish adventure, who are we to say he should not have gone. Except maybe his family, who did advise him not to go to Afghanistan because of the political instability in the country.
Throughout much of the book Begg explains that he had either met or been associated with different people of interest to the intelligence services, one such person was a Tunisian man he knew and who he later found out was arrested in Dubai on terrorism charges which I suppose would also make Begg an object of curiosity for the intelligence community on both sides of the pond. The wider explanation for this was that Begg was a volunteer charity worker in Pakistan and later in Afghanistan and that he also worked in an Islamic Bookshop in Birmingham England and these roles did occasionally collide and bring him into contact with people of interest. This however doesn’t automatically translate towards him supporting their ideas or actions or indeed participating in their worldview of politics.
Whilst in custody in Pakistan he was constantly shoved, slapped, punched and kicked by his American tormentors persistently and relentlessly asked if he was a friend or knew of Usamah Bin Ladin or Mullah Umar. Begg was finally moved to Afghanistan first to Kandahar and then to Bagram from where he was flown to Guantanamo Bay. On arrival, he explains his emotions and feelings as something that were just simply unexplainable. In fact, he had never experienced such shocking images of men shackled like wild animals and many sitting in metal cages hogtied and hooded for hours, sometimes for days. This was his new home, his new place for interrogation. This torture camp, he very quickly realised was specifically designed to create as much human suffering as possible and clearly this was something you would have found more suited to the days of the African Boar War period than in modern 21st Century America.
His experiences are explicitly set out in different parts of the book, each experience edging beyond the capacity for human suffering yet with pure willpower and determination he managed to continue on. He saw military police screaming at detainees, calling them dogs, desecrating the Muslim holy book and even keeping them awake with loud music ensuring constant sleep deprivation. This was what he refers to as his “hardest test’.
In Chapter 8 he remarks that he finally met other detainees from various parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Russia. It was at this point he dawned upon him that the Americans were preparing to send him to Egypt to be tortured and interrogated. This frightened him enormously even after the experiences he had already suffered. This he referred to as the “devils agents” doing the work for the Americans. While he awaited his fate, he adds, during his stay in Guantanamo Bay, he was often in such crammed conditions that he had to sleep standing up. The torture and the agony was unrelenting.
There were moments of what he refers to “trials of strengths” where he was constantly abused and denied basic human needs and would be punished if he spoke or asked for any assistance. One such moment was a comical episode where a female camp guard from DC asked Begg where he was from, he replied that he was from England, she thought for a moment, he remarked, then asked “y’all got lions and elephants, and shit there?” to which Begg calmly replied, “only in zoos. I’m from England, not Uganda”.
He shares his only sense of reality and some constellation was when he was allowed to write to his wife. Sometime later he started to receive profoundly redacted replies from his family and British lawyers who were working to get him released. Although he would receive visits from his appointed legal team, such visits were constantly supervised by a US military lawyer and almost impossible to have conversations which left little doubt that they were not listened into. In mid 2014 Begg says that he finally received a letter from Clive Stafford Smith a British lawyer who said that he would be representing him. His journey towards freedom had begun.
The final parts of the book travels through the period of what he generally termed as a “mockery of justice”, where the illusion of justice was more prevalent than the actual practice of human rights and fair treatment free from torture and inhumane treatment. He was given a document by his interrogators which was an admission of guilt that he had signed some years earlier when he arrived at Guantanamo Bay. Begg always claimed this document was signed under duress. Begg constantly argued that he was not a member of Al Qa’idah or the Taliban whilst acknowledging he had visited so called training camps in Afghanistan. He refers to this document as a functional paper designed only to find him guilty and then for the Americans to manufacture the evidence to fit the alleged crime. A clear mockery of the judicial system.
The books finished with Begg being measured for clothing where he, “during a moment of madness”, believed he was going to be given a made-to-measure tailored suited only to find he was given an T shirt made in Bangladesh with a pair of jeans. During his time in detention he wrote several poems and there was one poem that stuck out more than most:
Still the paper I do pen
Knowing not, or ever when –
As dreams begin and nightmares end –
I’m homeward bound to beloved tend
Towards the end of his tormented time in Guantanamo Bay, and on arrival back in England, he came to write:
“… one of the hardest truths I’ve had to face since my return has been the complicity of my own government in what happened”.