Дите, рожба човешка

Ditte Menneskebarn

by Martin Andersen Nexø, Мартин Андерсен Нексьо

"Дите, рожба човешка" е едно от най-известните произведения на Мартин Андерсен Нексьо. Той работи върху него от 1917 до 1921 година. Преди да излезе като отделна книга, романът е публикуван на части в датския работнически печат и още тогава има огромен успех. В голямото литературно наследство на Нексьо този роман заема видно място. Той е изпълнен със състрадание към потиснатите и несъкрушима вяра в тяхното бъдеще.

В тази забележителна творба на датския писател-реалист ярко изпъкват най-добрите качества на романиста Нексьо - внушителна епичност, дълбоко проникване в действителността, поетична образност и народностен език, страстна сила на любовта и омразата.

"Дите, рожба човешка" е книга за трагичната съдба на трудещата се жена в буржоазното общество. За западната литература са нещо ново както характерът на героинята, така и изводите, към които авторът насочва читателите си. Романът няма нищо общо с модната буржоазно-либерална литература по "женския въпрос" от началото на ХХ век, която в схващанията си за еманципацията на жените се ограничава с моралната проблематика и сферата на семейния живот. В една обикновена ратайкиня, жена с "груби, мазолести ръце", Нексьо вижда въплътени най-добрите човешки качества. Под неговото перо трагедията на Дите се превръща в обвинение срещу буржоазния строй и борбата за разкрепостяването на жените става част от общата борба за освобождението на трудещите се.

Романът "Дите, рожба човешка", едно от най-силните произведения на Мартин Андерсен Нексьо, заслужено се ползва с широка международна известност и до днес.

Genres: Fiction, Classics, Danish, Scandinavian Literature

720 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 1917

About the author

Martin Andersen Nexø was born to a large family (the fourth of eleven children) in an impoverished district of Copenhagen. In 1877, his family moved to Nexø, and he adopted the name of this town as his last name. Having been an industrial worker before, Nexø he attended a folk high school and later worked as a journalist. He spent the mid-1890s travelling in Southern Europe, and his book Soldage (1903) (English: Days in the Sun) is largely based on those travels. Like many of his literary contemporaries, including Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, Nexø was at first heavily influenced by fin-de-siécle pessimism, but gradually turned to a more extroverted view, joining the Social Democratic movement and later the Communist Party of Denmark; his later books reflect his political support of the Soviet Union.

Pelle Erobreren (English: Pelle the Conqueror), published in four volumes 1906-1910, is his best-known work and the one most translated. Its first section was made the subject of the DDR-FS movie Pelle der Eroberer in 1986[1] and the movie Pelle Erobreren in 1987. Ditte Menneskebarn (English: Ditte, Child of Man), written from 1917 to 1921, praises the working woman for her self-sacrifice, and a Danish film version of the first part of the book was released in 1946 as Ditte, Child of Man. The much debated Midt i en Jærntid (i.e. "In an Iron Age", English: In God's Land), written in 1929, satirises the Danish farmers of World War I. During his latter years, 1944 to 1956, Nexø wrote but did not complete a trilogy consisting of the books Morten hin Røde (English: Morten the Red), Den fortabte generation (English: The Lost Generation), and Jeanette. This was ostensibly a continuation of Pelle the Conqueror, but also a masked autobiography.

Danish police arrested Nexø in 1941 during Denmark's occupation by the Nazis, for his communist affiliation. Upon his release, he traveled to neutral Sweden and then to the Soviet Union, where he made broadcasts to Nazi-occupied Denmark and Norway. After World War II, Nexø moved to Dresden in East Germany, where he was made an honorary citizen. The Martin-Andersen-Nexø-Gymnasium high school in Dresden was named after him. His international reputation as one the greatest European social writers grew, especially, but not exclusively, in socialist countries.[citation needed]

Nexø died in Dresden in 1954 and was interred in the Assistens Kirkegård in the Nørrebro neighbourhood of Copenhagen. A minor planet, 3535 Ditte, discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1979, is named after the main character in his novel Ditte, Child of Man. [2]

Reviews

[Juchti · Rating 5 out of 5]

Es gibt wenige Bücher, die mir bislang ähnlich viel bedeuten wie "Ditte Menschenkind". Ich habe das Buch dreimal gelesen, und immer habe ich Neues darin entdeckt, immer hat es einen nachhaltigen Eindruck auf mich hinterlassen. Das erste Mal haben meine Mutter und ich es uns wechselseitig an Winterabenden vorgelesen, da war ich 14. Ich war gespannt, habe die Tragik des Schicksals und Lebens von Ditte aber keinesfalls in vollem Maße erfassen können. Später haben sich mir immer andere, neue Facetten erschlossen. Ich liebe dieses Buch. Mit Ditte zu leiden und in jeder Faser meines Körpers die Schmerzen und die Widrigkeiten zu spüren, die sie erdulden musste, zeigt mir einmal mehr und immer wieder, worauf es im Leben ankommt und aus welchem Stoff Zufriedenheit tatsächlich gestrickt ist: Leben, wie es machbar ist, mit dem, was schaffbar ist, mit denen, die da sind und es sein wollen.

[Linda Andžāne · Rating 3 out of 5]

Šīs grāmatas nosaukums no seniem laikiem bija palicis prātā, bet par pašu grāmatu gan nezināju tā īsti neko, tāpēc bija skaidrs, ka tumšie vakari jāizmanto šim maratonam 600 lappušu garumā.
Ko es zinu pēc izlasīšanas? Hm... ka nevajag lasīt visu, kas prātā no tiem senajiem laikiem. 😃😃😃 Nē, protams, idejas par Dites zelta sirdi un smago dzīvi, par vispārēju nabadzību un sociālistisku ideju mošanos nolasījās gauži labi. Bet neuzrunāja. Ne tagad.
Toties lasīšanas laikā neatkāpās divi jautājumi. Pirmkārt, kā iespējams izturēt dzīvi, ja visu laiku jāuztraucas par sabiedrības viedokli? Otrs tāds humorīgāks - kā var izdzert tik daudz kafijas?! 😃 Kā kas, tā uzvāra kafiju. Tā ir vienmēr.

[Fellini · Rating 4 out of 5]

Книга о жизни простой датской девушки. Родилась нежеланным ребёнком, прожила короткую жизнь, заполненную трудами и заботами о близких, умерла в той же нищете. Но, кажется, была счастлива. Автор, как мне кажется, иногда перегибает с пафосом и символизмом, но явно сочувствует героине.

[Beka Sukhitashvili · Rating 3 out of 5]

ზოლას "ხაფანგივითაა", თუმცა ზედმეტად დიდია და დამღალა. ზოგიერთი ეპიზოდი ძალიან კარგი იყო - დოტეს ვანგების ოჯახში ცხოვრება.

[Mette Rønne · Rating 5 out of 5]

(Spoiler alert: Slutningen afsløres)
Man behøver ikke at læse meget af "Ditte Menneskebarn" før man kan mærke, at man er i hænderne på en uhøre erfaren og dygtig forfatter. Romanen er desværre en udviklingsroman, hvor den ellers stærke og lovende Ditte, der fødes som uægte barn i uendeligt fattige kår, trods stor flid og og et stort hjerte, ender med at slide sig ihjel - næsten bogstavelig talt. Det er en nedtursroman og på den måde barsk læsning, men det er også et godt tidsbillede og selvfølgelig utvetydigt skrevet af en venstreorienteret forfatter. Brug af synsvinkler og sprog, herunder dialekt, er en fornøjelse.

[Ine Gundersveen · Rating 5 out of 5]

Ditte Menneskebarn volume 1 and 2 were among the many books my mother brought from Denmark and which I read while still too young to understand everything.

I still have vivid memories of just how awful they made me feel. No matter what Ditte did - nothing good ever lasted. Her beauty faded and then she died (extremely short version). It stayed with me through my childhood and still makes me feel dreadful if I think too much about the hopelessness of her destiny.

Incredibly beautifully written but oh, so depressing.

[Reda · Rating 5 out of 5]

Grain history talented written.

[Richard Bieligk · Rating 4 out of 5]

coming of age in full poorness

[Lise Jacobsen · Rating 5 out of 5]

Ditte Menneskebarn reminded me to enjoy the everyday moments and the people in our lives that truly matter.

I enjoyed following the life of Ditte, through joys and hardships, and reflecting on human nature and my own. And although it moved me to tears, I also found beauty and joy hidden between the pages.

It is not an action-packed novel, but one to be savored and experienced. So although I thoroughly enjoyed it, I don’t think it is for everyone. But perhaps those who I suspect won’t enjoy it are the ones who need it the most?

[Zoltán · Rating 5 out of 5]

It is very hard to rate this book, it is an epic tale of a young woman whose life is full of tragedies, sorrows and, interestingly, hope and happiness, too. It shows the lives of people in the lowest class in society, this is the book's greatest strength, and I think Ditte is one of the greatest heroines in literary history! The only problem with the book is that most characters are annoyingly stupid, just like in real life :-) My real rating would be 4 and a half stars.

[Blair · Rating 3 out of 5]

Daughter of man - Denmark

[Lora Khaskina · Rating 5 out of 5]

Loved it!