I’ve been struggling about how best to review this book, because it has genuine qualities to recommend it, and yet in some ways it’s very problematic.
The book is divided into three parts, each telling the story of a different stone age tribe, separated by thousands of years. It takes us from earlier forms of the genus, around a million years ago, through to the evolution of sapiens and our spread across the globe. The first part of the book, when we’re with the pre-sapiens group, was for me the most enjoyable section. It’s rare to find fiction in that era, and even harder to write, as you’re dealing with characters with a limited degree of understanding compared to our own. As you can imagine, it’s difficult to create a good story out of that, and though it’s not earth-shattering literature, mainly because the characters are inherently going to be weaker, the author does a solid job of holding interest by weaving a tense survival thriller.
It’s in the second and third sections that the book becomes problematic. I’ve been searching for good palaeolithic fiction since reading Jean Auel’s Earth’s Children series – now there was a series that started out well, had a lot of promise, and disappointingly went downhill. The missed opportunities there gave me the itch for palaeolithic fiction that would fulfil its promise. Well, Circles of Stone has one thing in common with Earth’s Children. The central preoccupation revolves around the secret that men contribute to the making of babies, knowledge of which will thus cause the downfall of humanity, war, oppression, poverty, environmental pollution, socks that inexplicably go missing in the washing machine… you get the idea.
I get the impression that the first four Earth’s Children novels, released in the 80s, and Circles of Stone, released in the mid-90s, were part of some kind of wave of New Age feminism that envisioned the stone age as a utopia of Mother Earth worship until it was ruined by the possessiveness and aggression of men. This book specifically states – several times so you don’t miss or misinterpret it – that men’s aggressiveness comes from a fluid inside them that they must release into women otherwise they get violent. As other reviewers have noted, all the antagonists in the book are men, whilst women are depicted as never experiencing such unreasonably violent tendencies, which is why they are the leaders and wise ones of the tribes.
This is insulting and just plain wrong, and I say that as a female, a feminist, and an archaeologist. Neurologically the evidence for differences between male and female is flimsy, and the overwhelming weight of evidence highlights our equivalence (I recommend Delusions of Gender by scientist Cordelia Fine for those wanting to know more). As a female I can report experiencing competitiveness, anger, and lust on a regular basis, as an integral part of my humanity, and I find the suggestion from some quarters that I ought to be without them to be utterly laughable. Certainly archaeologically the notion that goddess worshipping cultures were conquered by male-dominant invaders has been long since overturned. Domestication of food sources, driven by climate change in the mesolithic era was a far more important trigger for sedentism and civilisation. Scarcity of food prompted people to find ways to obtain more; domestication of food prompted people to settle more permanently and caused a population explosion, which in turn necessitated specialisation of skills. Specialisation freed up some people to do things other than obtain food, and some skills were valued above others, resulting in the stratification of society and an imbalance of wealth; creating a need for a system of inheritance. And it’s worth noting that this hasn’t always resulted in patriarchies; there have been other social systems throughout history. Apart from being incorrect, the book’s notions deny the intelligence and responsibility of men, and the roundedness of women as complete humans.
The whole painting civilisation as evil is too on the nose and frankly I consider it to be a tired and simplistic trope. Again, I say that as someone who knows the scientific evidence and is concerned by anthropocentric environment change. Sure, civilisation has brought humanity woes, but the situation is more complex than that. Civilisation is neither evil nor good, and, to name just one pro, this social structure has driven our accelerated technological development to date, fuelling our understanding of the universe.
So I will be declining to read the subsequent books in this series.