PBS made a documentary about the Summer of Love, the gist being that when teenagers and college students began flooding into San Francisco in 1967 to smoke dope and stare at lava lamps, the real hippies got fed up and relocated to the countryside. Peter Coyote was one of the interview subjects in that documentary, talking about the ease with which sincere utopian ideals deteriorate into hedonism.
I knew Coyote from the movie E.T., in which he played the government scientist. He’s also narrated many Ken Burns documentaries. He’s got a good voice.
In the ‘60s, he was at the center of the counter-cultural movement, first as an actor with the original San Francisco mime troupe, then as a leader in the Digger Free Family movement, which was a loose collective of various communes strewn throughout California, and beyond. He recounts motorcycle trips with the Hells Angels, the debacle of Altamont, life at the communes, drug trips, sexual frenzies, meeting half the Beatles, the skinning and eating of roadkill, the repairing of engines, the manual labor of organic farming, asking a tree for forgiveness before cutting it down, getting sad that a bear was killed, and the petty internecine squabbling of idealistic young men and women who were committed to cultural revolution, but unable to clearly articulate their own emotions, let alone goals. It’s fascinating, inspiring, and a tad naive, as Peter Coyote readily admits.
From the intro:
“This book attempts to describe what the pursuit of absolute freedom felt like, what it taught me, and what it cost. It is neither an apologia for nor a romance of the sixties. Coming to understand the necessity and value of limits should not be construed as either a defense of the status quo or as the contrite repentance of someone who has flapped his wings a few times and decided that flight was impossible.”
It’s difficult to summarize what the Digger movement was all about, because it’s vague. You’d have to read the book. Their goals were to create an alternative to the prevailing norms of capitalism, monogamy, and private property. In practice, it meant crowding 20 poor hippies and their kids onto a ramshackle farm where most would work but some would leech, and they’d all do drugs and sleep with each other and then have hours-long group meetings to “process” their feelings.
It reminds me a bit of the South Park episode where the boys track down the underpants gnomes, and ask why are you stealing underpants? The gnomes explain their business plan:
Phase 1: collect underpants
Phase 2:
Phase 3: profit
What’s Phase 2, the boys ask? There’s a moment of confused silence. “I don’t know, but Phase 3 is profit.”
What Coyote and the Diggers have done is to identify problems with capitalism, traditional marriage, and mainstream culture. What they have failed to do offer clear solutions to these problems. What to do? Do you try and change the system from within, or do you exile yourself to the margins? Late in the memoir, Coyote reflects that perhaps they should have made more inroads with mainstream Americans, forged alliances with actual politicians, and formulated some concrete goals.
In addition to that South Park bit, the memoir made me think about Dante’s Inferno. I’ve never read Dante’s Inferno. But I’ve read about Dante’s Inferno. It describes hell in copious detail. There’s an entire history of literature and artwork that depicts flames, devils, and eternal torments (see Peter Bruegel). But depictions of heaven are scant. As David Byrne put it, heaven is a place where nothing happens. Why, as humans, can we so readily envision the torments of hell, but struggle to envision the bliss of heaven? Why do our imaginations fail us when we try and imagine the absence of pain, of suffering, of weakness?
In other words, why do we have such a difficult time proposing workable solutions to the failures of economics and human relationships?
I admire Coyote immensely as a human being, for his honesty, his integrity, and his independence of thought. Their social experiments were a total failure, on the the one hand, and a complete success, on the other.
“Every culture has its priests and devils, its intoxications and follies, and the counterculture we created was neither more nor less ethical, diverse, or contradictory than the majority culture. You can’t grow tomatoes without shit, they say, and while we may have had much of the latter, we also had plentiful tomatoes. The ideas and moral positions that emerged during this period—the civil rights movement, the peace movement, the ecology movement, feminism, holistic medicine, organic farming, numerous alternative physical and spiritual therapies and disciplines, and perhaps most important, bioregional or watershed political organization—were abetted by agents like the people remembered here: flawed and imperfect people certainly, but genuinely dedicated to creating more enlightened options for themselves and others.”
As long as I’m referencing South Park and Dante’s Inferno, I’d also like to give a shout out to the song “Common People” by Pulp. While reading this I was struck by how many members of the counter-cultural elite were from wealthy, privileged backgrounds, the sons and daughters of East Coast bankers and industry titans with summer homes on Martha’s Vineyard and cattle ranches in Texas.
Now I’ve matured enough to the point where I realize that privilege does not automatically confer happiness; the world is lousy with miserable rich people. But I would point out that someone who grew up in modest circumstances wouldn’t imagine that the answer to their problems lay in creating a society with no ownership, with no possessions other than your immediate personal items. Where you can’t kick people out of your house for starting a fight because to assert authority based on rights of ownership would be a bourgeoisie tactic, and your friends would think you’re lame. The rich have a way of romanticizing poverty.
So in “Common People” there’s that line about how when you’re lying in bed at night, watching roaches climb the wall, if you called your dad he could stop it all. I kept that in the back of my mind, that these kids had a safety net, many of them anyway.
Here’s one last quote I enjoyed, where Peter Coyote ties the fever of the sixties directly to his own troubled childhood and abusive father:
“As I matured, I discovered that my childhood experiences were not all that different from those of many others, and far milder and less damaging than many. I offer no excuses for my personal faults and shortcomings, nor do I blame my parents, who did their best with what they had inherited from their own parents. . . Fairness,however, demands that I point out that millions of young people did not accidentally or spontaneously express a decade of rage and disappointment like gas after a bad meal. My generation’s disillusion over social injustice and its fervent desire to make the world a more compassionate place must have had some antecedents. It does not seem foolish to search for that evidence inside the nation’s homes, where the young were bent, stretched, folded, stapled, and stressed by the social and political costs of the Cold War and the seductive, ridiculously inflated promises of Midas-like wealth. One way or another, such forces took their toll, and my household was no exception.”