The most common kind of diabetes mellitus is type 2, sometimes known as adult-onset diabetes. Because the body is unable to respond to insulin in the appropriate manner, people who have type 2 diabetes have a higher than normal level of sugar (glucose) in their bloodstream (insulin resistance). Insulin is a hormone that enables glucose to be utilized by the body as a source of energy. In the pancreas, specialized cells are responsible for the production of insulin. Hyperglycemia is the medical term for an increased level of glucose in the blood. The presence of glucose in the urine is due to the high levels of glucose that are present in the blood, which cause glucose to leak out into the urine (glucosuria).