One of the films--maybe my favorite of the ones viewed in my Ohio State University class on Israeli society and film--was titled Dancing Arabs or Borrowed Identity. That 2014 film was a reflection on what it means to be a Palestinian Arab living in Israel today. I found the film so fascinating (it is available on Amazon Prime Video) that I decided to read the novel upon which it was based.
The novel, which is quite different from the film, is highly readable, enjoyable, and thought-provoking but I do want to reread it since my attention suffered during the pandemic.
Today, there are close to two million Palestinian citizens of Israel but almost five million more not granted citizenship because they live in the Israeli occupied/annexed areas of the West Bank and Gaza, territory brought under Israel’s control in the 1967 War.
Then, there are another one and a half million more Palestinians living in refugee camps in those occupied/annexed areas or the countries of Jordan, Syria, or Lebanon. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, there are now almost equal numbers of Jews and Palestinian Arabs. Obviously, this raises many questions that have an impact on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
Many Israeli citizens wonder about the morality of holding the territory while others wonder how long democracy can last under such conditions. Within just a few years, if not already, there will be more Palestinians than Israelis thus creating minority rule.
Even when considering only those Palestinians who have Israeli citizenship the questions are grave. In 1948, when Israel became a nation, there were 150,000 Palestinian citizens in the new country. By 2019, however, that number had grown to almost two million or 21% of the total population of Israel minus the occupied territories.
However, many Palestinians fear the possibility of their having a recognized and legal state are dimmed the longer Israel holds the territory. Furthermore, the growth of Jewish settlements in the West Bank and Gaza make it even less likely Israel will cede the territory. Finally, Donald Trump’s decision to move the United States embassy to Jerusalem dealt a major blow to the possibility of a two-state solution in the region.
Then, the problem is made even more dire as other nations in the region refuse to grant citizenship. Consequently, millions of Palestinians have no citizenship in any country and are forced into being little more than pawns in a tense region of the world.
In a series of short chapters detailing the narrator’s experiences, Sayed Kashua’s novel, Dancing Arabs, tells of the story of a nameless Israeli-Palestinian teenager from the small town of Tira located adjacent to the line between the West Bank and Israel proper. Granted a scholarship to an elite school in Jerusalem, he finds himself dancing between his Palestinian heritage and his desire to be part of the Israeli society. (For a more personal account read the author’s essay, “Why I Have to Leave Israel,” or the New Yorker’s article, “An Exile in the Corn Belt,” or listen to the NPR interview to learn why Kashua recently emigrated to the United States.)
Because Tira became part of the new state of Israel in 1948, the protagonist is a citizen of the state but holds a blue ID card that identifies him as a Palestinian with Israeli citizenship. A fearful child, he often sneaks into his grandmother’s room at night to sleep in her bed. She, one day, shares with him the location of a key to a suitcase in the closet that she does not want opened until her death.
Curious, the narrator investigates the suitcase one afternoon when his grandmother is at a funeral. There he finds an assortment of objects including a burial cloth for her own body, and newspaper clippings in which he reads that years earlier, his father, a college student, was suspected of blowing up a cafeteria at the Hebrew University in the call for freedom and was held without trial for several years. This incarceration broke the heart of the young boy’s grandmother who is the widow of a man killed while fighting the Zionists in 1948; she had great expectations for her son, the brightest student in his high school class.
In subsequent chapters, readers learn that the protagonist’s family has high expectations for him. When he is offered the opportunity to attend an elite Jewish school in Jerusalem, his family practically pushes him into the school. They hope he will be the first Arab to build an atom bomb. However, their dreams are dashed as he struggles to pass as a Jew.
In a series of vignettes, we watch as the narrator is exposed to Israeli Jewish life and culture and eventually fins himself able to pass as a Jew. Soon he perfects his Hebrew pronunciation, listens only to Israeli music, and carries books written in Hebrew. Despite his success at passing, he is not a Jew. He is not even viewed as a first-class citizen of the state. He is still a Palestinian living in the Jewish state of Israel.
In subsequent chapters, Kushua makes clear the pain of living a dual identity as he places his character into a series of situations including job hunting, riding on the bus, and dating, and marrying an Arab woman and taking a Jewish lover.
Though I enjoyed the novel, the last part did seem to lose focus and I found myself wishing the story had ended before the protagonist married. Interestingly, the film does cut this last part of the book so seems to hold together tighter.
This is not a comfortable book to read, one with clear winners and losers, heroes and “bad people.” It is, however, a powerful debut novel about dual identity, passing, occupation, oppression, and the resulting self-alienation and self-hatred. I highly recommend both the novel and the film.