‘Very good story,’ he said; ‘but it’s not what I call realism. You don’t tell us half enough, sir. You don’t say when it happened or where, or the time of year, or what colour your aunt’ s second cousin’s hair was. Nor yet you don’t tell us what it was she saw, nor what the room was like where she saw it, nor why she saw it, nor what happened afterwards.’ --‘Number 17’ (1910)
In this selection of Edith Nesbit’s tales of mystery and supernatural occurrences she demonstrates exactly how verisimilitude is a crucial component in ghost stories and their ilk, precisely as the commercial traveller in her short story ‘Number 17’ outlines. But she herself is also an unreliable narrator because with macabre humour she proceeds to break all the rules she puts in the mouth of her commercial traveller: we never discover his name, or of his colleagues, or the location of the inn where the tale takes place; and though we’re given incidental details of how Room 17 is furnished — a coffin-like wardrobe, the red drapes, the framed print on the wall — we end by doubting the reliability of the traveller’s account and thus that of the author.
And here too lie further conumdrums when ghost stories are related: it’s not just the who and what, and the when and where, that go towards their effective reception by reader or listener, it’s how we experience them — the time of day or night, the place, whether orally conveyed or merely seen on the page — and why we choose this genre — our mood or inclination, our desire to be frightened witless — that decide whether such grim tales amuse or bore or chill us.
And, of course, whether the author is the mistress or not of her craft must surely be a deciding factor.
With there being a score (and one more) of ghost stories in this easily available edition it’s not desirable to discuss them all; instead I shall suggest commonalities and highlight what I think are the most and least successful of the tales.
The greater proportion of these pieces are told in the first person which, I think, adds to their effectiveness. Nesbit doesn’t always reveal the dramatis personae immediately, often throwing us into the action or the middle of a conversation, always a disconcerting but arresting way of beginning a short story. The protagonist is generally though not necessarily a male, a middle class professional or gentleman, and his belief (or lack of it) in the uncanny is declared early on, inviting us to disbelieve — if we dare — the facts as revealed in the following pages. Commonplace though such fictional devices are it does encourage the reader to go along with what unfolds next, especially when Nesbit disarms us with an opening such as this in ‘The Shadow’:
This is not an artistically rounded off ghost story, and nothing is explained in it, and there seems to be no reason why any of it should have happened. But that is no reason why it should not be told. You must have noticed that all the real ghost stories you have ever come close to, are like this in these respects — no explanation, no logical coherence. Here is the story. -- ‘The Shadow’ (1905)
Nesbit knew how important openings were to short stories and therefore runs the gamut of them, from ‘In the Dark’ (“It may have been a form of madness”) through ‘The Pavilion’ (“There was never a moment’s doubt in her own mind”) to ‘The Ebony Frame’ (“To be rich is a luxurious sensation — the more so when you have plumbed the depths of hard-up-ness as a Fleet Street hack, a picker-up of unconsidered parts, a reporter, an unappreciated journalist — all callings utterly inconsistent with one’s family feeling and one’s direct descent from the Dukes of Picardy”). I found these hooks did the job they were designed to do: to draw one in and make one an accomplice to her deception.
The earlier tales, apparently often anthologised, seem to me lesser creatures — ‘Man-size in Marble’ for example, or ‘Uncle Abraham’s Romance’ — which may have been written in conjunction with Edith’s husband Hubert Bland and others. The more she wrote, however, the more developed in terms of a distinctive literary style they became and the more absolute control they exhibited. Her range expands: we have not just works resembling Poe’s, Wilde’s, Stevenson’s or fellow Fabian Society member H G Wells’s speculative pieces (‘The Three Drugs’, ‘The Ebony Frame’, or ‘The Five Senses’) but also humorous touches amongst the horror (‘The Shadow’, say, or ‘The Haunted House’) and shifts from male towards more female perspectives (‘The Shadow’ again, ‘The Letter In Brown Ink’, ‘The Pavilion’).
Above all, many of these short stories are beautifully written — the pacing works well, the characterisations come through, a sense of place is created; compare these with some of M R James’s ghost stories which all too often seem centred on a male recluse, often a scholar, who strangely doesn’t read the warning signs till too late. As David Stuart Davies points out, many of the tales in this collection feature “the destruction of a strong loving relationship between a man and a woman”, though some also show the successful establishment of that relationship.
If the collection exhibits Nesbit’s strong fascination with the supernatural, a fascination established early on in her life (as recounted in Long Ago When I Was Young) it also underlines her ability to express herself in a way that still feels modern: despite the odd turn of phrase and the occasional unfamiliar term many of these are tales that could have been penned yesterday; though they may hark back to Victorian Gothick sensibilities (a number of mysterious or haunted houses feature) the modern world is evidently manifest, in electric lights, in railways, and in luridly coloured motorcars.
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A word about this Wordsworth edition now. We may be very grateful to have the full text of these tales available in a cheap publication, but there will be the unfortunate though not inevitable downsides common to this publisher. First I’m pleased to say I was unaware of major typos (possibly an omitted quotation mark or missing letter), a fault shown by some of their reissued classics because of carelessly edited electronic scanning. Secondly however the contents page shows incorrect pagination entries right from the first story, mistakes later further compounded (the last story appears 20 pages later than indicated). Further confusion comes from one tale, ‘Number 17’, not even being listed in the contents. None of this seems to have been amended in a later, much more recent edition.
Thirdly, readers — not only nerdy ones — will be frustrated by the lack of bibliographic details on the publication page (other than when the edition was published); without specialist knowledge or willingness to research curious readers will have to glean what they can from the few bits of information in the introduction by David Stuart Davies. Not to provide such context is to do the author a great disservice, in my opinion.