José Giovanni was the pseudonym of Joseph Damiani, a French murderer, writer and film-maker.
Giovanni was a former collaborationist and criminal who at one time was sentenced to death. He often drew his inspiration from personal experience or from real gangsters, such as Abel Danos in his 1960 film "Classe tous risques," overlooking that they had been members of the French Gestapo. In his films as well as his novels, while praising masculine friendships and advocating the confrontation of the individual against the world, he often championed the underworld but was always careful to hide his own criminal past and his links with the Nazi occupiers of France during World War II.