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Patriot of Persia: Muhammad Mossadegh and a Tragic Anglo-American Coup

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On August 19, 1953, the American and British intelligence agencies launched a desperate coup in Iran against a cussed, bedridden seventy-two-year-old man. His name was Muhammad Mossadegh, and his crimes had been to flirt with communism and to nationalize his country's oil industry, which for forty years had been in British hands. To Winston Churchill, the Iranian prime minister was a lunatic, determined to humiliate Britain. To President Dwight Eisenhower, he was delivering Iran to the Soviets. Mossadegh must go.

And so he did, in one of the most dramatic episodes in modern Middle Eastern history. But the countries that overthrew him would, in time, deeply regret their decision. Mossadegh was one of the first liberals of the Middle East, a man whose conception of liberty was as sophisticated as any in Europe or America. He wanted friendship with the West—but not slavish dependence. He would not compromise on Iran's right to control its own destiny. The West therefore sided against him and in favor of his great foe, Shah Muhammad-Reza Pahlavi.

Who was this political guerrilla of noble blood, who was so adored in the Middle East and so reviled in the West? Schooled in Europe of the Belle Epoque, Mossadegh was pitted against dictatorship at home, a struggle that almost cost him his life and had tragic consequences for his family. By the time of the Shah's accession in 1941, Mossadegh had become the nation's conscience, and he spent the rest of his life in conflict with a monarch whose despotic regime was eventually toppled in the Islamic Revolution of 1979.

Here, for the first time, is the political and personal life of a remarkable patriot, written by our foremost observer of Iran. Drawing on sources in Tehran and the West, Christopher de Bellaigue reveals a man who not only embodied his nation's struggle for freedom but also was one of the great eccentrics of modern times—and uncovers the coup that undid him. Above all, the life of Muhammad Mossadegh serves as a warning to today's occupants of the White House and Downing Street as they commit to further intervention in a volatile and unpredictable region.

320 pages, Hardcover

First published February 1, 2012

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About the author

Christopher de Bellaigue

15 books71 followers
Christopher de Bellaigue was born in London in 1971 and has worked as a journalist in the Middle East and South Asia since 1994. His first book, In the Rose Garden of the Martyrs: A Memoir of Iran, was shortlisted for the Royal Society of Literature’s Ondaatje Prize. His latest book is Patriot of Persia: Muhammad Mossadegh and a Tragic Anglo-American Coup. He lives in Tehran with his wife and two children.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 103 reviews
Author 1 book313 followers
April 16, 2019
شما را به پیرمحمدِ احمدآبادی چه‌کار؟

به‌سختی و افتان و خیزان خوندمش. فصل‌های میانیِ کتاب که از دوران نخست وزیری مصدق می گفت سرشار از یاوه بود و خوندنش برام غیر قابل تحمل شد. کتاب پر از تفسیرهای غلط بود و به انحاء مختلف توهین به ایران و ایرانیان.
نویسنده‌ی کتاب؛ این انگلیسی خبیث، ابتدا با اختیار کردن همسر ایرانی و دوم با نوشتن زندگینامه‌ی کذبی راجع به تاریخِ ایران و بزرگ مردِ با غیرتی که جلوی دست‌درازی انگلیسی‌ها به خاک و نفت و مردم ایران رو گرفته بود، خواسته به ایران تعرض کنه و بعد با تریاکی جلوه‌دادنِ رضاشاه و تمسخر ایرانی‌گری این مرد، و اشراف‌زاده جلوه‌دادن انگلیسی ها خواسته تصویر مخدوشی از ایران و ایرانی و ایرانی‌گری از خودش به میراث بگذاره.
این کتاب-تاریخی که توسط بیگانه نوشته شده باشه- تصویر دروغینی از شخصیت مصدق در ذهن کسایی که برای شناخت این بزرگ‌مرد به خوندن همین یک کتاب اکتفا می‌کنن شکل میده و رفته‌رفته این تصویرِ کذب، اگر مورد توجه قرار بگیره در آینده تبدیل به یک منبع تاریخی خواهد شد و نویسنده به هدفش خواهد رسید.

Profile Image for Mohammad Hanifeh.
333 reviews88 followers
August 21, 2017

ای غریبانِ سفرکرده، کدامین غربت
بدتر از غربتِ مردانِ وطن در وطن است؟
-حسین منزوی



همیشه ارادت و علاقهٔ خاصی نسبت به دکتر مصدق داشته‌ام. از این رو، این کتاب رو گزینهٔ مناسبی برای شناخت بیشتر ایشون دیدم.
کتاب رو حوالیِ یک ماه پیش شروع کردم و قرار رو بر این گذاشتم که طوری بخونمش که تا ۲۸ مرداد تمام بشه.
برای منی که خیلی کم تاریخ خونده‌م، هر صفحهٔ کتاب پر از اطلاعات جدید بود و بسی لذت بردم ازش.
فصل‌های آخر کتاب که بیشتر مربوط به کودتا و روزهای قبل و بعدش بود رو از شب تا صبحِ قبل از ۲۸‌ام، با خون گریه کردن خوندم و قبل از روزِ کودتا، کتاب رو تمام کردم.

پاراگرافی از کتاب:
نامش دیگر روی هیچ خیابانی نیست، تصویر چهره‌اش هم روی هیچ تمبری نیست، اما خاطره‌اش در دلِ ایرانیان دست‌نخورده مانده، چون آرمان‌هایش جهانی‌اند و فنا و زودگذریِ قدرت را به سخره می‌گیرند. خودش یک‌بار به شاه گفت روزهای خوب و بد می‌گذرند، آن‌چه می‌ماند نامِ نیک و بد است.




-شصت و چهار سال بعد از کودتای ۲۸ مُرداد
Profile Image for Sattar Shayesteh Far.
74 reviews39 followers
February 10, 2020
جهان سوم جایی است که هر کس بخواهد
مملکتش را آباد کن، خانه اش خراب میشود
و هرکس بخواهد خانه اش را آباد کند
بابد در تخریب مملکتش بکوشد
(دکتر حسابی)
به یاد خانه شماره ی ۱۰۹ خیابان کاخ
مردی که ایستاد
و وطنی که فرو ریخت
Profile Image for Parastoo.
97 reviews468 followers
May 30, 2016
خیلی خوب و خوش‌خوان با نثری شوخ و شنگ. زندگی‌نامهٔ کاملی از مصدق با شرح ضعف‌ها و قوت‌ها و کاستی‌ها. خلاصه که پیشنهاد می‌شود.
Profile Image for Mehdi EbrahimZadeh.
69 reviews31 followers
August 5, 2018
ای غریبان سفر کرده! کدامین غربت
بدتر از غربت مردان وطن دروطن است؟!


کتاب خیلی خوبی بود. برای من که به تاریخ علاقه‌مندم اما مطالعه کمی داشتم، بسیار مفید و عالی بود. به‌طور کل مخاطب عام به‌قصد آشنایی بیشتر با مصدق این کتاب رو دوست خواهد داشت.
نثر روان و ساده‌ای داشت.
جامع بود.

و نوشتن توسط یک انگلیسی بدون تعصب جالب‌ترش کرده بود.
Profile Image for Louise.
1,846 reviews385 followers
May 20, 2020
In 1951 he was Time Magazine’s Man of the Year. By August 1953 he was among the first of many to be imprisoned by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlevi who had appointed him Prime Minister only two years earlier. Christopher deBellaigue gives a readable summary of his improbable life.

The author sets the stage by describing Iran at the time. Due to its poverty, Iran was of little interest to the great colonizing powers. It had no railroad. Food riots seem to be common. WWI made it important to Great Britain which needed oil. Iran’s elites made deals, favorable to themseives, that basically ceded control of the nation’s most valuable resource to a British oil company.

After WWII, nationalism grew in Iran. Its focus was on getting control of the oil. Great Britain had less need for oil but it wanted to keep the favorable terms of the oil treaties. Some feel that if it lost its grip on Iran's oil, after losing India, it would lose its prestige on the world stage. The emerging Tudeh party, which leaned toward communism, raised concerns in the US which was in its cold war with the USSR. Mohammed Mossedegh was seen by both the US and Great Britain as a threat to their interests.

Mossedegh, like his father and mother, had lifelong involvement in politics. In 1906, at the age 24 he was elected to a legislative office that he was too young to hold; but was elected to Parliament again in 1924 and 1941 and served. He held government positions in finance, foreign affairs and regional administration. He was recognized as an honest patriot who cared about democracy and civil liberties – rare for government officials in this time and place. The Shah, portrayed as indecisive, appointed him Prime Minister, basically he had to. Mossedegh was extremely popular.

deBellaigue takes you through his bold moves as PM. He introduced safety net types of programs. He resigned over a dispute with the Shah about who appoints the head of the military and after 5 days of protests the Shah had to re-instate him. In a departure from the past, he did not jail the journalists who criticized him. While many reformers wanted an end to the monarchy, he supported the Shah. It was the nationalization of oil that put Mossedegh’s downfall in motion.

While Britain was most aggrieved by the situation, the overthrow was orchestrated by the CIA and with help from MI6. The Shah had to be convinced to fire popular Mossedegh (and flee). The Iranian Army was used to start riots and cash was doled out to significant leaders. Kermit Roosevelt initiated demonstrations and street riots with murders, fires and looting. Mossedegh moved from place to place and hid for 3 days until his arrest. deBellaigue notes the times when he might have tried to stop the events, but he neither took action nor made statements during the riots. A trial followed, then a prison term, and then a house arrest.

The book introduces you to his family. Most memorable are: his thrice widowed mother who owned and managed a hospital; his wife who carved out her own independent life: of his children, you know most of his first son the doctor and his daughter who’s nervous breakdown during her father’s first arrest became a lifelong disability and his colorful uncle, Prince Farmanfarma. You observe the health issues, for which there is little clarity: Did he need to stay in bed? Was he really fainting at (in)convenient times? He lived to be 85.

The last chapter is a summary of the long term effects of this overthrow and how the repression that followed led to the situation of Iran today.

The index is very good and helpful for all that I looked up. There are interesting b & w photos. A map is needed.

This is a good summary of a pivotal figure in world history. The author is able to digest the complex situation of time and place for the non-historian such that it can be easily read by those with little background but interest in the topic.
Profile Image for Ehsan Salehian.
6 reviews
April 12, 2017
نامش دیگر روی هیچ خیابانی نیست ، تصویر چهره اش هم روی هیچ تمبری نیست،اما خاطره اش در دل ایرانیان دست نخورده مانده ، چون آرمان هایش جهانی اند و فنا و زودگذری قدرت را به سخره می گیرند. خودش یک بار به شاه گفت روز های خوب و بد می گذرند ، آن چه می ماند نام نیک یا بد است.
Profile Image for Ali Niazi.
241 reviews32 followers
April 16, 2020
کتابی دیگر درباره دکتر مصدق و نفت و تاریخ معاصر، کتاب های زیادی درباره دکتر مصدق وجود دارد ولی بازم این کتاب برام جذاب بود مثل بقیه کتاب ها
Profile Image for M&A Ed.
407 reviews62 followers
April 10, 2024
"تراژدی تنهایی" داستان «محمد مصدق» نخست وزیر ایران در دوران پهلوی است، کسی که صنعت نفت را در ایران ملی کرد و آن را از استعمار انگلیسی‌ها خارج کرد. او به‌عنوان اولین ایرانی که دکترای حقوق داشت، برای رایزنی در عرصه‌های ملی و بین‌المللی درباره‌ی حقوق ملت و دولت ایران، تاثیرات زیادی در سیاست‌های داخلی و خارجی ایران داشته است.
این کتاب توسط یک نویسنده انگلیسی به نگارش در می‌آید، هرچند شاید تمام تلاش نویسنده بر این بوده که بدون جانب‌داری بنویسد ولی در بعضی قسمت‌های کتاب این جانب‌داری محسوس است. یکی از مشکلات کتاب به نظرم شکل نگارش کلمات و رسم‌الخط آن‌ها بود، نگارش بعضی کلمات مانند: "الاهی" به‌ جای "الهی" یا "حتا" به‌ جای "حتی" کمی آزاردهنده است و کاش نویسنده در انتهای کتاب بخشی را به تصاویر نیز اختصاص می‌داد و نکته‌ی دیگر در ارتباط با نام اصلی کتاب است که " میهن پرست پارسی" است که مترجم آن را به هر دلیلی تغییر داده است. به هر حال به نظرم خواندن یک کتاب از نگاه یک نویسنده خارجی نسبت به دکتر مصدق و جریانات مربوط به ملی شدن صنعت نفت خالی از لطف نباشد.
Profile Image for مروان البلوشي.
307 reviews576 followers
September 17, 2015
هذه سيرة حياة رئيس الوزراء الإيراني محمد مصدق بقلم الصحفي البريطاني كريستوفر دي بلاج، ويركز دي بلاج في هذا الكتاب المتميز على نقطة محورية، وهي أن: توقف محمد مصدق عن اداء دوره السياسي بسبب الانقلاب الذي دبرته ضده الاستخبارات الأمريكية والبريطانية بالتعاون مع الشاه محمد رضا بهلوي، كان سبباً مباشراً في انحدار الحياة السياسية الإيرانية في عهد الشاه، أو بعد ثورة 1979 واعلان الجمهورية الإسلامية عقب الثورة. وكل هذا سيؤثر بشكل بالغ السو�� على جوار إيران العربي.
حيث أن مصدق كان يمثل "أمل" إيران في مستقبل أفضل. وليس هذا مستغرباً. جمع محمد مصدق في توجهاته وشخصيته بين عدة تيارات سياسية وثقافية متنافرة، كان مصدق يريد أن يرى دولة مدنية حديثة ولكنه كان أيضاً مسلم محافظ، وكان مصدق قومي شغوف، ولكنه احتفظ بعلاقات طيبة مع جيران إيران. وكان مصدق ينتمي لعائلة أرستقراطية عريقة، ولكنه كان مؤمناً بالديمقراطية والمساواة بين جميع الطبقات بعمق انساني.
في النهاية سقط محمد مصدق، وتمكن الشاه والاستخبارات الأمريكية والبريطانية من تدبير انقلاب مهين ضده، ولكن هذا الانقلاب لم يكن لينجح لولا اخطاء مصدق الإدارية الساذجة في بعض الأحيان، ولولا مثاليته الزائدة في لحظات مصيرية تحتاج القسوة.
بعد شهور قليلة من الانقلاب في 1953، حذرت مذكرة سرية من وزارة الخارجية الأمريكية من "هناك بوادر ثورة في إيران"، سيستغرق هذا التحذير زمناً طويلاً كي يتحقق، ولكنه سيتحقق على أية حال بعد ربع قرن في 1979.
الكتاب مكتوب بتعاطف واضح مع محمد مصدق، ولكن كاتبه حاول أيضاً أن يقيم أخطاء مصدق بتجرد. ويعترف الكاتب انه معجب بمصدق، لماذا؟ يذكر ببساطة 3 أسباب:
1. أخلاقيات مصدق العالية وانسانيته
2. ايمان مصدق الكبير بأن بلاده تستحق الديمقراطية
3. حب الإيرانيين الكبير لمصدق رغم عقود طويلة على وفاته، ورغم عدم وجود من حمل ذكر مصدق بعد اختفائه من الحياة العامة.
هل يساعدنا هذا الكتاب في فهم إيران؟ هل تساعدنا قراءة حياة محمد مصدق في فهم ذلك الجار؟ الجواب: نعم ولكن مع كثير من الحذر.
مصدر الحذر هو أن الديناميكيات التي تصنع التاريخ الإيراني معقدة عموماً، كما أن الشخصية الفارسية معقدة وغامضة هي الأخرى لدرجة تجعل من التعامل مع إيران صداع متعب في أحسن الأحوال.
احدى الطبائع النفسية الغريبة في العقل الفارسي، هو الاحساس الدائم بأن إيران في "المكان الخاطئ"، أو في الجيرة الجغرافية-الثقافية الخاطئة. وهذه ليست مبالغة مني أو من الصحفي البريطاني صاحب الكتاب، هناك قرارات مصيرية اتخذها حكام طهران بدافع من هذا الاحساس.
فهم إيران ليس بالمهمة السهلة، وحتى الإيرانيون يعلمون أن العالم الخارجي يقف متعباً أمام هذا السؤال. ويستفيدون من هذا بطريقة ميكافيلية في صياغة بعض سياساتهم الخارجية.
ولكن السؤال الأهم، السؤال الذي يتشابك مع حاضرنا ومستقبلنا في الشرق الأوسط، هو هل ستصل إيران لحالة من "السلام مع الذات"؟ والسلام مع محيطها؟.. الجواب الأدق هو: على المدى القصير، لا.
في نهاية حياته وعند اقتراب وفاته، طلب مصدق من الشاه أن يسمح له بأن يدفن بجانب زوجته، رفض الشاه طلب مصدق. فقام مصدق بإرسال رسالة قصيرة للشاه "الأيام الجيدة والسيئة تأتي وتذهب، ولكن نهاياتنا تعكس في بعض الأحيان عدلنا أو ظلمنا للآخرين".
بعد الثورة وهربه من إيران، كان الشاه يبحث عن من يستقبله، وسط رفض من دول كثيرة، رغم مرضه بالسرطان.
Profile Image for Adam Morris.
143 reviews6 followers
June 18, 2012
I bought this book because I knew the basic story line of a popular elected Prime Minister chased out of office and a despised Shah propped up by US and British operatives but wished to learn more. Since the writer's credentials seemed impressive I was looking forward to a scholarly and well researched work. Although there is much to learn from this book about the situation in Persia/Iran at the beginning on the twentieth century and about the life of Muhammad Mossadegh there is an overwhelming tone of contempt for almost all the other characters in the book. Among the villains are the Shah (naturally), Russians and then communists, Americans (read CIA) and any of Mossadegh's opponents in politics who are less honest than he. (Duplicity in politics, I'm appalled.) He reserves his most vitriolic bile for anyone and anything British (just as our protagonist did) but fails to distinguish between the colonialism of the Empire in India and elsewhere and the position of the Anglo Iranian Oil Company and other enterprises in Persia. His surprising lack of objectivity or historical context is a huge distraction and calls into question the events as he portrays them. He judges actions by today's standards failing to recognize that society has changed it's view of what is acceptable in the last 60-100 years. Nevertheless, there is some interesting insight and despite some poor editing, it is generally written in a style that is easily read
Profile Image for Hanie.
67 reviews21 followers
March 28, 2017
اویل کتاب مصدق رو به عنوان "او خیلی ساده، خود ایران، بود" توصیف میکنه و خیلی جالب میگه که مادرش مثل هر مادر ایرانی دیگه ای پسر ارشدش رو جوری بزرگ کرده بود که احساس شاهزاده بودن می کرد.
و خیلی با صراحت میگه که مصدق هرجا میدید برخلاف میلش عمل میکنن(البته میل مصدق همسوی نفع مردم بود.) فورا درخواست استعفا مینوشت و یا خودش رو به مریضی میزد جوری که نوشته "او مستعد برخوردهای عاطفی بود." شاید اول به نظرم این یه ضعف اومد ولی با خوندن نتیجه ش دیدم که شاید این هم روش خاص مصدق بود برای پیروزی در مقابل کسانی که با رشوه های بزرگ از بریتانیا تو کشور دفاع میکردن.
"وقتی فهمید معاونش از مقامی که دارد سوء استفاده می کند، شهر را به هم ریخت که دارد حاضر می شود همه چیز را رها کند و به تهران برگردد. مردم شهر دورش را گرفتند و به زور از معاون فرماندار قول گرفتند رفتارش را اصلاح کند."
"اوایل دوران فرمانداری، به رفتار گستاخانه ی نماینده ی بریتانیا واکنش داد و گفت اگر انگلیسی ها بخواهند این گونه رفتار کنند ، اوهم ممکن است استعفا بدهد. کنسول بریتانیا درجا عقب نشست."
Profile Image for Elham.
23 reviews3 followers
March 5, 2019
بالاخره تمام شد. از معدود کتابهای تاریخ معاصر ایران، که به لطف ترجمه عالی و روان بهرنگ رجبی ببنهایت لذت بردم.بیشتر از وسوسه بیشتر خواندن و دانستن تاریخ معاصر کشور، از دانستن درباره زندگی شخصی دکتر مصدق و روحیات و احوالات ایشان لذت بردم، گاهی از طنز نهفته در کتاب خندیدم و گاهی در حیرت بزرگ منشی و رفتار و منطق و سیاست مصدق بودم. اما وقتی به صفحات آخر رسیدم، بغض سنگینی راه گلو رو بست ونتونستم جلوی سرازیر شدن اشکم رو بگیرم. شاید به این خاطر که ما هم دیدیم حصر رو وچند دستگی افرادی که به اسم سیاسی بازی از آرمانها فاصله گرفتن...
مصدق مثل همه انسانها از خطا مبرا نبود، اما صداقت و سلامت نفسش در زندگی شخصی و سیاسیش و آرمانهای همیشه زنده و جاودانش، تبدیلش کردن به الگو و رهبر فکری که نمیشه دوستش نداشت و نمیشه بهش اقتدا نکرد...
پیر احمد آباد
تا ابد زنده و جاودان در قلب ما هستی...
838 reviews85 followers
May 22, 2016
At times I think 3 1/2 star rating would be more appropriate, however, at others 4 is reasonable. I have to say first off that the write up synopsis on goodreads is a lie. Mossadegh didn't flirt with Communism and had never any intention to be even remotely interested in Communism. But to the author's writing. Well I must say I felt I could hardly put the book down! It was written very well indeed and thoroughly well researched. My only negative criticism that there was something of a tendency toward the end segments to forget the background of Mossadegh. It's very easy quite some time after the events to say in the heat of it why didn't he do such and such or this and that? But of a man of that background that when the chips are down you're not a military man so others can't think at the spur of the moment in a crisis. While I'm no politician I know in certain circumstances that are staring you in the face you can be blind to the most obvious casualties. Whether it's a bizarre self preservation or a kind of paralysing fear where you can hardly do a thing. But considering the author is from the UK it's more than a trifle absurd to question the lack of democracy. As i'm fairly sure the original tenents of democracy as discussed by the ancient Greeks pro lures any kind of monarchy which the UK has and with no sense to be free of their monarchy. Not only that the US so called democracy is of leaders well and truly corrupt the notion of democracy there is a farce. Therefore sniping about Moossadegh's lack of democracy is ridiculous. With all this in mind is a great book and certainly worth reading. Highly recommended.
Profile Image for Mahshid Naderi.
199 reviews26 followers
February 4, 2020
ترجمه آقای رجبی واقعا عالی بود، به طوری که اصلا حس نمیشد کتاب ترجمه هست.
کتاب نوشته یک آقای بریتانیایی هست و بنظر من نویسنده شرط بی طرفی رو رعایت کرده و با وجودی که در زندگی مصدق تنش بین مصدق و بریتانیا زیاد بوده، اما وطن پرستیش مشکلی به وجود نیاورده.
ویژگی های مصدق که من از کتاب برداشت کردم:
- قایم شدن پشت ضعف جسمانی و بهانه تراشی برای شانه خالی کردن از مسائلی که از اندازه اش بزرگتر بود و البته برای گمراه کردن دشمنان خارجی
- مستبد و خودرای بودن(انحلال مجلس در تابستان ۳۲)
- پایداری در راه و گذشتن از همه چیز، حتی خانواده برای رسیدن به هدف
- محافظه کاری در رابطه با جنس مخالف
- مخالف خشونت اما سکوت در برابر عاملان خشن به وقت مناسب(قتل رزم آرا به وسیله فداییان اسلام)
- روحیه ضعیف و قهرآلود(مدام تهدید به استعفا میکرد)
- ویژگی اعتقادی وی اسلام التقاطی بود
- محافظه کاری و ندادن نقطه ضعف به هیچکس
در نهایت، نظر شخصی من این هست که جامعه ایران در مورد شخص مصدق این دین رو بهش داره که در مورد آرمان ها و زندگیش بخونه و بدونه.
Profile Image for Lawrence Mulkerin.
3 reviews
April 11, 2013
The book reveals the imperfect man that America demonized or dismissed. It helps the reader to understand a hypochondriacal zealot. Iran loved him and we stood with on the side of a tyrant to protect British oil interests. I served there as a Green Beret and came to know a physician who was imprisoned because he supported Mossadegh. The book helps explain a American great mistake, an embarrassment, and moral weakness.
Profile Image for Laleh.
131 reviews12 followers
July 29, 2023
"تاریخ ایران مفلوک تر از حالایش بود اگر مصدق با شمّی بازاری به دنیا امده بود."

تراژدی تنهای شرح حال زندگی محمدمصدق،نخست وزیر ملی گرای ایران که توسط غرب به تمسخر گرفته شد وتوسط چرچیل اردک کروکثیف خوانده شد اما ت��سط هوادارانش و دوستدارانش ستوده شد.
خیلی از کسانی که بعد از مصدق در ایران تلاش کردند خودشون رو ادمی خوب نشون بدن به شکست خوردن چون ایران و ایرانی دیگه ادم خوب رو دیده بود؛مصدق.
نمیشه گفت هیچکس توی زندگیش اشتباهی نمیکنه و مصدق هم مستثنا نبود اما دلاوری های مصدق مسلما بر تصمیمات اشتباهش فائق اومد و هنوز هم در میان طرفدارانش اسطوره ای در تاریخ ایران است.
این شرح حال ها رو بخونیم و خودمون رو در قبال تاریخ کشورمون مسئول بدونیم شاید تنها کاری هستش که میتونیم بکنیم.
Profile Image for Hamidreza Hosseini.
210 reviews65 followers
May 11, 2023
فصل آخر کتاب با عنوان «جنبشی در ذهن مردمان» خلاصه‌ی خیلی خوبی بود از اینکه در سده‌ی اخیر، چی شد که ایران ما الان وضعیتش اینه.
ترجمه‌ی بهرنگ رجبی هم خیلی خوب و روون بود
Profile Image for Tahoura.
105 reviews21 followers
May 2, 2021
لطفا برای شناخت مصدق به سراغ این کتاب نروید!
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نویسنده خیلی انگلیسی بود:) کلی باخودم کلنجار رفتم تا تمومش کنم. دوستاره هم واسه اینکه به هرحال یک قسمتی از تاریخ رو تعریف کرد که میتونم تو منابع دیگه راجع بهش بیشتر بخونم!
Profile Image for Ali Gh.
21 reviews1 follower
August 21, 2019
مطالعه تاریخ معاصر برای هر کشور و ملتی از اهمیت فوق العاده بالایی برخوردار است، به این دلیل که تجربه تاریخی کشور به شما یاد می دهد در بزنگاههای تاریخی نسلهای گذشته چه اشتباهاتی را مرتکب شده اند که دیگر شما مرتکب آنها نشوید، اشتباهاتی که در زمان خودش بسیار کوچک جلوه می کند ولی در طول زمان چنان اثری بر سرنوشت نسلهای بعد می گذارد که انسان با خودش فکر می کند مثلا اگر آن اتفاق کوچک رخ نمی داد، سرنوشت ما چگونه می شد؟ بنابراین باید تاریخ معاصر را خواند تا با دانستن این اشتباهات بسیار کوچک و تصمیم گیری درست مردم بعنوان عامل اصلی زاینده قدرت، سرنوشت نسلهای آینده رو به جلو باشد. این کتاب با استناد به منابع مختلف معتبر خواننده را وسط حوادث ایران در برهه ای که مصدق می زیست قرار می دهد و بنظرم بسیار خوب و غیر جانبدارانه نگاشته شده است و برای شروع مطالعه تاریخ معاصر بویژه از نظر یکی از شخصیتهای مهم در تاریخ معاصر ما بسیار کتاب زیبایی هست و به نظر من برای اشخاصی که خودشان محقق تاریخ نیستند ولی به دانستن وقایع تاریخ ی کشور خود علاقه دارند، نویسنده هایی مانند نویسنده این کتاب بسیار کارآزموده عمل می کنند.
Profile Image for Ali.
117 reviews
April 13, 2018
فشرده و موجز و البته به اندازه و فوق العاده خواندنی درباره مصدق و روزگارش، مردی که به قول دوبلگ خود ایران بود، از روزگار کودکی تا سالهای تنهایی در احمدآباد، او که نه یک سیاستمدار مرسوم که وزنه ای اخلاقی بود.
Profile Image for Dariush Eslami.
53 reviews7 followers
May 24, 2020
اولین کتاب کلی‌ای بود که درباره مصدق خوندم و حس میکنم دیدگاه میانه‌ای ( نه قدیسی که اعضای جبهه ملی ساختن و نه شخصیت مخربی که سلطنت طلب ها ترسیم کردن) رو شرح داده بود، با توجه به اینکه تاریخ نگار انگلیسیه و منم اطلاعات کاملی ندارم تا بتونم صحت رو به دست بیارم قضاوت این کتاب رو به بعد موکول می کنم( هر چند این انگلیسی بودن قشنگ رد پاش رو تو بعضی جاهای کتاب نشون میده که بسیار هم اعصاب خوردکن هستن)
Profile Image for Behzad.
6 reviews
September 28, 2012
On August 19, 1953, invading soldiers destroyed a neighborhood in Tehran. The soldiers were Iranian, their target the prime minister’s home. As recounted in Christopher de Bellaigue’s recent book, Patriot of Persia: Muhammad Mossadegh and a Tragic Anglo-American Coup, that day was filled with bizarre events. To pick one example that gives a jolt to the contemporary American reader, the New York Times correspondent in Tehran, Kenneth Love, later boasted about his own involvement in coup. Love claimed credit for telling the commanders of a tank unit stationed outside a radio station to join the mob that was storming Mossadegh’s house.

That coup’s story has been told many times before. The most familiar narration in English is All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror by Stephen Kinzer, published in 2003. De Bellaigue has unkind words for that book: “The standard popular account of the coup was penned by the journalist Stephen Kinzer, who does not read Persian. This is a bit like writing about Pearl Harbor knowing only Japanese.”

In its broad outline, the story is well-known, although not by most Americans: Mossadegh wanted to nationalize Iran’s oil. This outraged the British oil company, now infamous for other reasons under its current name -- British Petroleum. The British government, its power in steep decline around the world, was furious. Under Truman, the United States was not eager to become involved in removing a democratically elected prime minister, but that changed when Eisenhower and the Dulles brothers came to power. The coup itself was a chaotic affair, but ended with Mossadegh removed from power. The Shah triumphantly returned from exile, only to be forced out in a more violent spasm a quarter-century later.

There is enough tragedy in Iran today, so it is not obvious why one should read one more account of what happened there sixty years ago. But what makes de Bellaigue’s book worth reading is not the details of the coup’s story, for which he relies on both English and Farsi sources, but the picture that emerges of Mossadegh, the man. He was born to royalty, but became an ascetic. He was a hypochondriac and an eccentric, meeting with his closest advisors while sitting up in bed, in his pajamas. He was, very unusually for an Iranian in a position of power, resistant to anything that hinted of corruption or personal gain. Educated in France, he was a democrat through and through, a believer in free speech and free elections. Though already an old man when he became prime minister, his downfall seemed to ignite a burst of vigor in his mind and heart.


What stays with the reader is Mossadegh’s life in the aftermath of the coup: his vigorous self-representation before a military tribunal, answering to a charge of treason with humor and a crackling intellect; his hunger strikes while serving a sentence of solitary confinement; his austere dignified life when, released to house arrest, he officially became a nonperson; his pain when, as his wife lay dying, the Shah refused a request for the old couple to see each other one last time.

What endures are his words to the Shah, which make up the final sentence of de Bellaigue’s book: “Good days and bad days go past. What stays is a good name or a bad name.”
Profile Image for Ali.
94 reviews18 followers
November 22, 2020
ویژگی متمایز تراژدی تنهایی با بقیه کتاب های تاریخی، نثر فوق العاده مترجمه به شکلی مخاطب گمان میکنه با یک اثر ادبی مواجه هست تا زندگی نامه یک شخصیت اثر گذار تاریخی.
خیلی از گزاره هایی که نویسنده تو کتاب اشاره کرده با مواردی از مصدق که تو کتاب هایی از سایر نویسنده ها خوندم، مطابقت داشت. در روایت کودتا، اقدام مصدق به انحلال مجلس، مخالفان مختلفی داشته و نویسنده هم با زبان تندی، این تصمیم رو سرزنش کرده اما دلایلی که برای این ادعا آورده، برای من قانع کننده نبود
با جزئیات جدید و اظهار نظر های مختلفی از شخصیت های تاریخی هم تو این کتاب مواجه شدم که فکر میکنم به دلیل مطالعه محدود من از تاریخ معاصر باشه تا سوگیری و غرض ورزی نویسنده از نقل وقایع تاریخی.
Profile Image for Ebrahim Dehqan.
58 reviews8 followers
September 16, 2016
چند روزی از بستن پرونده ای در رابطه با خلیل ملکی نگذشته بود که تراژدی تنهایی را خواندم؛ اگر متمایل به وقایع آن دوران باشید کشش برای خواندنش ایجاد خواهد شد. از رسم معمول بیوگرافی ها پیروی نمی‌کند و لحن متن در سراسر کتاب از نوعی شوخی بهره می‌برد، حتی در نقل قول ها هم چنین است و بر ساده‌خوان بودن متن افزوده است. از همه مهمتر اینکه کتاب را یک بریتانیایی نوشته است؛ جایی که در رسانه‌هایش مصدق همیشه سوژه طنزپردازان و کاریکاتوریست‌ها بوده است
برای اینکه تصویری نسبتا بی‌طرفانه از مصدق در ذهن تصویر شود این کتاب را باید خواند
Profile Image for Shahab.
149 reviews13 followers
December 12, 2017
کتاب مشتمل بر ۱۶ فصل و در ۳۰۷ صفحه با قلم به نسبت روان نویسنده و البته ترجمه مطبوع مترجم تنظیم شده است.
ایرادات اندکی به کتاب وارد است از قبیل اطناب در برخی فصل های اول و اخر کتاب و یا ترجیح وجه حماسی داستانی نسبت به
واقعیات های تاریخی در برخی صفحات
رفرنس دهی کتاب هم انچنان مناسب وراهگشا نیست
اما در مجموع کتاب خوبی برای اشنایی کلی با شخصیت مصدق و رخدادهای تاریخی معاصر ایشان است
Profile Image for Jjpoor.
40 reviews3 followers
March 27, 2020
بسیار سخت‌خوان بود. کتاب برای مخاطب غیرایرانی نوشته شده و خب اطلاعات اضافی زیاد داره. فکر نمیکنم کتاب مناسبی باشه برای شناخت مصدق. نوع روایت عجیب بود، اصرار داشت بی هیچ دلیلی شخصیتها و کشورهارو با صفت معرفی کنه: شاه ناتوان، امریکای نابکار، "احمق های خوش نیت"، اشرف فریبکار... به نظرم این نباید ادبیات روایت تاریخی باشه. اواخر کتاب هم کلی شعاری شد و پر از حرفهای تکراری.
Profile Image for Dimitri.
1,003 reviews256 followers
April 18, 2017
The events of the coup occur as sudden and swift as the word warrants. This book focuses more on the significance of Mossadeq in 20th century Iranian politics and on the fariscal facets of the Cold War doctrine.

Austerity Britain in general and British Petroleum in particular failed to see how their desperate clutch on imperial prerogative was unacceptable to an Iran in full state of nation-rebuilding. Eisenhower & Dulles failed to see the faultiness of the Tudeh thread or even to distinguish the complexity on the ground, with the communists, the 'nationalists' (behind Mossadeq) and the 'royalists' (behind the Shah) in a rough triangle. A square if you add the role of the ayatollahs and a hexagon if you consider that Mossadeq was foremost a visionary who relied on popular support, but without the political acumen to translate this into a stable power base.

Like most such topics, the shadow of the Islamic Revolution hovers backwards. The Pahlavis came out of the coup with their foreign support base strengthened but their reputation darkened by that Iranian tendency to overplay the machinations of Whitehall's erudite policy makers behind every decree. The religious elite had demonstrated its capacity to rouse the masses.

It is a fertile subject for What If ? history. What if .... Mossadeq's nationalisation deal had been formulated by the democratic combination of a Parliament and a constitutional monarch ? Could this have saved the Empire in the long run, or is this putting the cart before the horse ?
Profile Image for Elan Garfias.
142 reviews12 followers
October 11, 2023
Finding an accessible account of the great man's life in English has been hard, but this is it. Christopher de Bellaigue brings Mossadegh to life in all his dramatic contradiction, going beyond hagiography to form a fascinating three-dimensional picture of the last leader of democratic Iran. The first couple chapters largely focus on the nineteenth-century background of Qajar Iran into which Mossadegh was born, and oh my god is it chalk-full of names. While it gets pretty impossible to keep track of everyone, this is largely to establish the degree of interconnectedness of between late Qajar bureaucracy. (Did you know Mossadegh was born into Qajar nobility? I sure didn't.) The bewildering variety of titles and monikers the nobility took on makes it pretty daunting to remember who everyone is, as they mixed long Persian names with Arabic titles and thank god they stopped doing that after the Qajars were deposed. The protagonist slowly works his way up the bureaucracy with a reputation for honesty and impartiality, while absorbing Western legal theory and human rights during long stints in Europe. After an unusually long time biding his time, he comes to be the leading voice of opposition to the Reza Khan government, while often applauding its many achievements. Here his personality really comes through, as he goes back and forth between shunning any claim to leadership and denouncing the regime in the harshest terms, only burnishing his reputation. While scathing the government from the floor of parliament, he frequently weeps publicly and faints on the spot, while spending long periods in bed nursing his seemingly always-ailing body. There's a dramatic performativeness to all of his politics, and yet not even his enemies can doubt his sincerity. When he finally accepts his position as prime minister, Mossadegh has built up an unrivaled reputation in the country and leads his National Front to victory, dominating even hostile MPs in an almost LBJ-like manner and basking in the genuine affection of the Iranian population. However, the balance of forces during the late 1940s and 50s in Iran is so much more complicated than I expected. On the one hand we have the conservative clergy and on the other the Tudeh, the pro-Moscow communist party. Add to this a rather cowed and shy Mohammed Reza Shah and throw in the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and a hostile British embassy for good measure. Though we often associate the Iranian clergy with Ayatollah Khomeini's 1979 Revolution, an earlier generation of Ayatollahs threw in their lot with Mossadegh for quite a while and helped bring him to power. Though Mossadegh himself was anything but an Islamist, he managed to make common cause with them on the grounds of patriotism. Yet while the religious element was instrumental in sweeping him to power, he also maintained a complex, if more distant, relationship with the communists. Navigating between these forces was never going to be easy, and herein lies the great tragedy. Mossadegh was genuinely weary of Soviet Influence (and the Tudeh by extension) and tried to keep Iran in the orbit of the West, but also picked a life-or-death struggle with Britain. To this end, he hoped to lean on the Americans for help, and this proved his ultimate undoing. This book does a wonderful job laying out all the details of the oil nationalization, its intellectual undergirding, the push-pull with Downing Street, and the various rounds of negotiation. Oil became the rallying cry of national unity, the one thing capable of of uniting communists and nationalists and clergy in the strangest of alliances. Yet when the decree was finally signed, Iran faced years of embargo and found itself on the receiving end of crippling sanctions with an economy unraveling. Yet the county by and large remained with him, and after a brief hiatus Mossadegh returned for a more radical second term, putting into motion land reforms, pro-worker legislation, and reforming education. Amid the economic crisis, British and American intelligence inserted themselves, splitting off the conservative clergy, painting Mossadegh as a communist, and forming a pro-Shah opposition. At the same time, Mossadegh, a lifelong royalist, made moves to undermine the Shah's limited authority and assert himself at Mohammed Reza's expense. When a first attempted coup quickly fizzled out, it seemed the Nationalists had defeated the forces arrayed against them, but sadly they didn't take enough action. While Mossadegh played a little hard and fast with the rules when he shut down parliament and ruled by decree, he could never bring himself to take off the kid gloves with his opponents, such was his respect for individual rights. It is tempting to think what could have happened had he given his police more leeway to arrest the coup-plotters when they had the chance, and maybe leaned on the Tudeh and Moscow more to help him. Yet he insisted on not alienating the Americans (as they were already actively plotting his downfall). The men who had tried to topple him by and large remained at liberty, and once again activated their networks, oiled by MI6 and CIA money. They set about recruiting elements of the army and even assassinating and torturing his chief of police and other loyal elements. This left him and his inner circle ultimately exposed even as they planned to push forward with the most radical moves. As they prepared Iran to transition functionally to a republic, reactionary forces, having regrouped quite openly, obliterated his residence and seized control of Tehran, executing many of his allies shortly after. He and his entourage climbed and crawled through several houses and walled gardens and tragicomic fashion before finally being apprehended. Kept in solitary for years, he never recanted and took every opportunity to attack the Shah and General Zahedi whenever he was granted a court appearance. He was so good that the regime eventually stopped publishing these altogether. While he whiled away his remaining years in house arrest, the tragedy kept unfolding. Here the author is even handed: Mossadegh, while perhaps being blinded by his own ideals, also refused to concede an inch to the British on the issue of nationalization. There was a point when he probably could have obtained a deal, achieving nationalization in all but name, and turned it down. It was have reopened the flagging economy, and probably no one but he could have done it. Yet the British too refused to back down, even when it hurt their own profitability. De Bellaigue again and again drives home the fact that by the 50s the British had rapidly declined in relevance and power and seized upon the oil issue to prove they still had it in them. In 1953 maybe they did. Yet by 1956, at the time of the Suez Crisis, the old European powers proved themselves completely unable to really do anything without American assistance.

Mossadegh has been one of my heroes for years, and I relish the opportunity to learn more about his life and times, as well as the world of 1950s Middle Eastern Politics. Driven between a rock and a hard place, many a leader tried to chart a way between the US and the USSR and died on that cross. Though largely unknown in the West today, Mossadegh loomed larger than life in his own time, even in American public consciousness. To his own people he was a giant, and across the Muslim world he emerged as a rockstar (see his reception by the people of Cairo), in many ways precipitating the struggles of neighboring countries to decolonize and reassert sovereignty. His legacy could be especially helpful in modern Iran, where nuance is in short supply. One can be both a faithful Muslim and a secular champion. One can be terrified of power and then ride it for all it's worth. One can fight the good fight, and lose. And yet his opponents, fighting the bad fight, all lost too, in their own time. Somewhere, underneath decades of history, there is an Iran that is unafraid and willing to fight for both its sovereignty and the essential rights of its people, two things that have come to seem mutually exclusive in recent Iranian history. Mossadegh shows us that they are not.
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41 reviews
August 19, 2018
از مدت ها پيش تو فكرم بود كه اين كتاب دقيقا روز ٢٨ مرداد تموم بشه،يجورايي شايد اداي ديني بود به ملي گرايي و در راس آن دكتر مصدق!

٢٨مرداد از اون روزهاييه كه شايد هيچوقت از ذهن ما ايراني ها پاك نشه همونطوري كه گروگانگيري سفارت آمريكا و ملي شدن نفت هيچوقت از ذهن آمريكايي ها و انگليسي ها پاك نميشه.
نقطه ي شروع همه ي اين اتفاقات اما،دكتر محمد مصدق بود.فرانسه درس خوانده اي كه بدون شك بزرگترين و ميهن دوست ترين شخصيت سياسي تاريخ ايران است...مصدق و يارانش آنقدر گردن ما ايراني ها حق دارند كه لازم است همه مان حداقل يك بار بر زندگي آن ها مروري بكنيم...مصدق هم مثل همه ي انسان ها اشتباهاتي داشت و چند فقره از همين اشتباهات مرگبار مانند منحل كردن مجلس هفدهم بود كه اغازگر سرنگوني خودش شد...مصدق ما مردم ايران را مانند كف دست خود ميشناخت،ميدانست تعصب هميشه در مواقع حساس جلوي چشمانمان را ميگيرد و كورمان ميكند،و به خوبي بلد بود با اين خصوصيت چگونه رفتار كند اما حتي محمد مصدق بزرگ هم در انتها مغلوب اين خصوصيت زشت شد و مردمي كه باز هم روز ٢٨ مرداد فريب تعصب ديني خود را خوردند و در دفاع از بزرگترين شخصيت زمانشان بر نخواستند!
كتاب تراژدي تنهايي از آنجا كه توسط يك خارجي بي طرف نوشته شده كه نه چپ است و نه راست،نه ملي گرا و نه اسلام گرا،نه سلطنت طلب و نه جمهوري خواه،بهترين انتخاب براي مرور زندگي تاثير گذار ترين شخصيت تاريخ معاصر ايران است.از دستش ندهيد!

پ ن:نامش ديگر روي هيچ خياباني نيست،تصوير چهره اش هم روي هيچ تمبري نيست،اما خاطره اش در دل ايرانيان دست نخورده باقي مانده،چون آرمان هايش جهاني اند و فنا و زودگذري قدرت را به سخره ميگيرند.خودش يكبار به شاه گفت روزهاي خوب و بد ميگذرند،آنچه ميماند نام نيك يا بد است.
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