The modern world has witnessed an intellectual refusal of Christianity's God which is unique in Western history. Late antiquity also saw forthright rejections of Christianity, but the modern repudiation seems more serious, coming as it does after centuries of Christian culture, and indeed from within that culture as almost its atheistic apotheosis. Whether this refusal is a darkness presaging a dramatically new dawn, or whether it represents the twilight of Christendom leading to an everlasting night, or whether, finally, it is simply one more chapter in the protracted love-hate history of humanity's obsession with God, is the question this book takes up.