So many years later, I still have a vivid memory of the first time I read about Janusz Korczak, the brilliant paedagogue who revolutionised children's education and, tragically, perished in the Holocaust. It was in a book about the Warsaw Ghetto that compiled eyewitness accounts, one of which (I think it was Marek Edelman, who also appears in this novel) describes the episode: a group of hundreds of orphans from the Ghetto's most famous orphanage march through the streets, orderly and without panicking or breaking the pace, to the Umschlagplatz, the train station from where they'd be shipped to the Treblinka gas chambers. At the head of this troop is their teacher, the Old Doctor, two of the smallest children with him, and a boy violinist that plays and plays throughout their march to the station. It's tragic, heartwrenching, and infuriating, and also fills you with awe at the level of courage and dignity of such small souls.
The man that fostered such courage and dignity deserves statues and all the honours in the world. Janusz Korczak was a Jew from Poland, assimilated and non-observant, not that the Germans gave a fig anyhow, whose original profession was medicine and whose grand passion in life were children. Big-hearted and warm as he was, he worried about the least favoured amongst children the most: orphans, and so he created a model orphanage in Warsaw he called Dom Sierot, the first and most known of the orphanages he led, where he had the help and unconditional support of another big-hearted lover of children, Stefania Wilczyńska, also a key character in this novel, until the bitter end. Besides managing orphanages and having educational programmes on the radio that made him famous locally, Doctor Korczak was an earnest advocate for the rights of children, on which he worked so tirelessly and passionately he's the reason there's a Declaration of the Rights of Children and Adolescents formally enshrined by the United Nations. He laid out not only the groundwork but the philosophy as well, a legacy that's enormous on its own and lasts to this day. The man did so much for children he should be far more known and lauded than he is.
Mario Escóbar's novel brings this extraordinary human being to life through a fictionalised rendition of Korczak's diaries, that survived the razing of the Warsaw Ghetto, and he paints the image of a man so lovable and full of life your heart breaks at the knowledge of how it'll all end. The Old Doctor is witty, wise, patient, meek. But also a rebel that doesn't accept indignities that are too much for his sense of self to tolerate, so he refuses to wear the infamous armband with a Star of David that's mandatory for all Jews. Miraculously, the Germans prefer to play blind chicken at this, for the most part, and thus the Old Doctor is able to make a stand in his own way.
And make a stand he does. Part of his larger-scale rebellion is preserving the lives of "his children," the useless mouths to feed that Nazis want eliminated first because they can't exploit as slave labour or rob of their property. Unmarried and childless himself, Korczak sees them as the children he never had, and always finds ways to get food for his children, begging, cajoling, arguing, and downright buttering up wealthy donors. Nothing is too much of a sacrifice if it feeds his little ones. And he doesn't look the other way when he sees children outside of his orphanage that he's unable to help; he bleeds for every child in the street he finds. And to save the children he did have with him, he conspired to work with the secret rescue missions of Jewish children undertaken by Gentiles like Irena Sendler and the Father Boduen network, that managed to save thousands of Jewish children by smuggling them out of the Warsaw Ghetto before and when the liquidations started.
Korczak wanted all his children safe, but he didn't want safety for himself if it meant leaving them. He was offered many times by the underground resistance to be smuggled out of the Ghetto with forged papers, and he refused each time. He refused for the last time on the very Umschlagplatz, where a last-ditch attempt to rescue him was made. He didn't want to abandon his children, he didn't want them to go alone and feel unloved, and together with Stefania, chose to share their fate in the extermination camp.
The march of the children I mentioned before is included in this novel, accurately and touchingly, and it's the last scene we see Korczak in, for the epilogue is added by the fictional character the author chose to wrap up the story. Personally, I would've liked for the last scene to be at Treblinka, with Korczak's thoughts as the mental ending to his diaries instead. But perhaps it'd have been too unbearably painful for readers if it had ended like that. I remember an Auschwitz survivor once described a group of children in the "changing room" area that marched towards the gas chamber in an orderly line like trained Boy Scouts, and singing. Singing! I would like to think the end at Treblinka for Korczak's children was like that, unafraid because their beloved Teacher was with them.
It's just so painful to think about. But it's worth learning about this lesser known fact of WWII, as Korczak and his children don't tend to be the focus of history books as much. It's not a perfect novel, it has some flaws, but for once the portrayal of this great man and the story told here make me award it the highest rating without hesitation.
Thank you to the publishers for the ARC in exchange for an honest review.