This is a dense and complex novel spanning many decades, countries and definitive political events in the 20th century. Long by the standards of the day, here, Vu does a great job of portraying a range of characters and their interrelationships in-depth.
There are no straightforward hero/heroines or villain/vamps in this book, but rather people who are flawed, often shaped, and driven to action, or lack thereof, by their difficult circumstances. Her skill as a writer lies in making their humanity come through, evoking sympathy and understanding from the reader. Another positive feature is the humour, whether just naughty and bubbly or sarcastic. This makes for a serious novel that is by no means grim.
No less commendable, Vu does not take sides, pointing out the racism inherent in Vietnamese society as squarely as in white America. The parallel descriptions of repression and malaise in pre-revolution as well as communist dominated Vietnam, and the "free and democratic" USA are well wrought. Vu also contrasts the lives of the privileged (Mai) and the poor (Mai Ly, her friend), in Saigon, to good effect.
The protagonist is a rejected child left to fend for himself in a Catholic orphanage. He is the bastard offspring of Mai, and Michael, a mixed race American GI serving in Vietnam. The child, Nat (one of many names he is called by), is a living, breathing, wriggling symbol of the wrenching effects of war, abandonment, bias and displacement.
Vu's writing style includes repetition and circling around events. The characters visit and revisit the impactful moments in their lives. This often works as the memory of and the reflections on the past bring depth and a compelling rhythm to the narrative. And this parallels real life. However, this device could have been reined in at times. For example, it feels overused to describe the life of adolescent, lust-driven, fun-loving, Mai in Vietnam.
That said, kudos are due for creating this sex positive character. Vu seems to want to rip into the stereotypes laden on Asian women; a worthy endeavour indeed.
She also writes about writing (both Mai and Nat write their stories; Mai even takes a writing class) and points to the difficulties faced by non-conforming writers (read BIPOC, first generation immigrants, etc) in America. (Admittedly there is finally a bit of a positive change in this regard, at least in mid-21st century Canada.)