For people who have knowledge about Ataturk, who have read the usual biographies of him which are impartial (Mango, Kinross, Atay, Aydemir); this book offers a new way of looking at things. It is not historically very accurate and the author makes it clear that he is not fond of Ataturk or Turkish people. Those who don’t like Mustafa Kemal, generally use this book for their own shrewd benefits to degrade him with insubstantial accusations like his fondness for women and men, alcohol, gambling, cruel, bitter, lazy, drunk, licentious, and a whole host of other things.
This book at points is very harsh and negative account of Kemal’s life story and one that would likely lead to some negative feelings about the way it deals with Mustafa Kemal’s personal life and his political authoritarianism. The author discusses his family’s impoverished background and his own political incompetence and his continued hostility towards Germans and other Europeans. He is described as a person of strong opinions and a marked inability to get along well with authority as well as being an emotionally reserved individual who was not particularly warm and with whom it was difficult to get intimate.
Describing his family he narrates that Zubaida was the mother and Ali Raza was the father of Mustafa Kemal. He had one sister named Makboula. His mother was unaware and an uneducated woman. His father was a simple man, who was a clerk in the offices of the Ottoman debt administration in the port of Salonika. He did private trading as well in his spare time to make both ends meet.
After Raza’s death Zubaida went to live with her brother at Lazasan, there Mustafa was put to clean stables, then a school, and later on a military academy, when he passed exam as cadet.
Even in military academy he continued with his peevish behaviour. To the other boys he said,
“I don’t mean to be like the rest of you, I mean to be somebody”.
Fortunately for him, he was doing well in the academics and was promoted to pupil teacher. Mustafa Kemal progressed rapidly up at college, showing great ability for examination and even more at teaching other boys. At seventeen he passed cadet school and was sent to senior military school at Monastir.
Sultan Abdul Hamid-the Red Fox was afraid of his own subjects and had spies everywhere to observe mysterious and mutinous activities. Such activities and instigators were efficiently dealt with. At Monastir all the young men cried for reforms. There Mustafa blended in with them. They had formed a secret revolutionary organization to give their ideas some sort of practical shape, it was called “Vatan”. In Salonika, when he came back for holidays a Dominican monk taught him French, his name was Fethi. Together they devoured all the French revolutionary literature they could find. Hence, the ideas of change and revolution took a deeper root in his mind. At twenty, he was picked for special general staff course. After finishing the staff course he took over the running of the Vatan. He was arrested for conspiring against the crown and thrown in the prison, later on he was granted clemency and restored to serve in commission.
He later learned that already there already there was a revolutionary organization in Salonika called the “Union and Progress”, who invited him to join their ranks. Even there he had problem with authority figures, he wanted to head the revolution for which he was planning day and night. Sultan-RedFox side stepped, when the revolutionaries reached him and welcomed them, he declared a constitutional government. But, it did not go to the ends as intended. Later on, Mehmud Shevket Pasha helped Kemal to depose the caliph Abdul Hamid and replace him with his decrepit cousin, committee was also restored.
Mustafa Kemal was once again back to soldiering. Before thirty he was chief of staff of third army in Macedonia. Trifecta which controlled turkey consisted of Talat, Enver, and Jemal.
Kemal was promoted to lieutenant colonel but was pushed back in the political picture for which he harboured resentment. When Germans were invited by the government to fight along with Turks, Kemal raged but was banished to Sofia for his raging.
Then came the World War-I in which Turkey joined Germany but Bulgaria remained neutral.
There was a new government in Turkey, Kemal was again not given seat of any power. Ottoman Empire had been smashed into little pieces: Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and Arabia were all gone. Cabinet members fled to the other countries. Turks were beaten and worn out. Finally, the politicians listened to Mustafa Kemal, he was the only successful general in Turkey. He requested Vaheddin to make him minister if war but it was to no avail.
In 1919 the grip of the enemy slackened on the Turkey. Secret organisations in Turkey continued to steal ammunition from Turkey. Mustafa Kemal was appointed the governor and inspector general of the northern area. He called for all scattered organisations to resist and concentrate under one control. Mustafa Kemal raised more resistance in country by travelling and preaching throughout the country.
To Turks he cried,
“You! You are the Turks! Will you crawl to these Greeks who, yesterday were your subjects and slaves! I cannot believe it. Combine, prepare, and victory is ours.”
To representatives of French government he was defiant:
“You may have Syria and Arabia, but keep your hands off Turkey. We claim the right of every nation, to be a free community within our national boundaries, not one inch more, but not an inch less.”
He was chosen leader of resistance on the condition that he would not harm sultan.
Writer also gave an account of Mustafa Kemals mistress Fikreye Hanum, who was a distant relative of his from Stanbul. She had previously volunteered as an army nurse and took care of Kemal after he was unwell. The health of Mustafa Kemals mother was deteriorating who wanted him married and settled but did not approve of Fikreye. It was in 1922 when Kemal was busy in reforming his army when he met his future spouse Latifa Hanum. She came to see him and invited him and his lieutenant to live in their place, uphill away from noise, after all he was the hero of the nation. She refused his initial advances but they married soon after. But, they were divorced in 1924 because Latifa would not quit interfering in his political affairs. After that Kemal again went back to living a solitary life. Fikriye came back to Kemal but she was harshly rejected by Kemal, after that she shot herself in the head in a back alley.
It is hard to like this book even if it may be an accurate account in term of its discussion of his life and conduct. After defeating greeks, Musatafa Kemal slowly worked his way to gain power and overthrow Vaheddin, now the grand National assembly was the only true government in the country. Sultanate was destroyed and Vaheddin was expelled. His nephew Abdul Mejid was declared caliph of all the faithful in his stead, but without any temporal power or position. He laid the base of people’s party too. On 23rd March, 1924, a bill to assembly was presented to secularise the whole state and expel the caliph. The bill was passed without any resistance.
Moreover, his other reforms like making Turkey a one party state, westernization, economic, social, educational and legal reform were also discussed albeit not in very great detail. Faiz cap was abolished and replaced by different head covering, congregational prayers were discouraged, moulvi’s were abolished from the mosques, veil of women was also abolished, and they were given right which they previously didn’t have.
Finally, his words for Turkish nation reflect his dream for them.
“I will lead my people by the hand along the road until their feet are sure and they know the way. Then they may choose for themselves and rule themselves. Then my work will be done.”