Andrew Harvey - Journey in Ladakh
Perhaps it is fitting that I read the bulk of this huddled in my sleeping bag in a tent in the Rincon Mountains of Saguaro National park.
Harvey has a beautiful way of describing what he sees. He is observant and lyrical, appreciating his limitations and the beauty of the world. This is an excellent travelogue.
Some ideas from the book that stuck with me:
Tibetan Buddhism’s belief in the power of humans to achieve perfection
The beauty of travel, of learning through experience, of facing your unknowns and fears
Can Tibetan Buddhism survive the fall of Tibet? Well, it may be a good thing for Tibetan Buddhism to no longer be limited to Tibet
I will end with a quote from Charles that resonated with me: ‘It is hard to leave a place where you can believe that anything is possible. But that is why one must leave. To see if you were right, to see if your insights can be lived in a different air, at a lower level.”
Of travel
Then he asked me what I knew of Buddhism. ‘I have read a lot,’ I said, ‘but is that knowledge?’ ‘No. But it is a beginning.’ ‘A beginning of what?’ ‘How can I say? When you are ready, it will happen. But you must want to be ready; you must put yourself patiently, again and again, in a position for it to happen. You must study, and meditate, and travel, above all perhaps travel, so that you will meet someone who can give you what I can only tell you about.’ ‘Did you travel a great deal when you were young?’ ‘Yes. As much as I could. I travelled all over the East—China, Indonesia, Malaya, Burma . . . And I went to Tibet. That changed my life.’
‘Ever since I have known you you have talked of wanting to go to Ladakh, of your long fascination for Tibet and Tibetan philosophy. Why do you never go?’ ‘I still feel so ignorant. I still know so little.’ ‘That is not the real reason.’ ‘No. I am frightened.’ ‘Frightened? Why? What have you to fear?’ ‘Disappointment. Change. Both possibilities are frightening. We imagine we want to transform ourselves and our lives, but do we really? Do I? I am not sure.’
I had friendships to re-establish that I had let slide over years of frenetic traveling.
There is nothing whatever to do. That is Leh’s charm. There is a cinema, but it is down the hill, about a mile away, and shows nothing worth seeing; there is a Gompa, but once you’ve walked round it, making all the prayer-cylinders round its walls shake and whirr, you’ve seen it—there are no ancient frescoes, no old sculptures to be seen inside; there is a Cultural Academy but nothing happens at it, no Dance Meetings, no Evenings of Ladakhi Songs, no displays of tankas, or half-learned talks on Buddhas and Bodhisatvas; there is a market in the evening of fruit and vegetables along the main street, and another market all day in a side street, where bells and tankas and turquoises are sold, along with cheap sweaters and sleeping-bags and pots and calendars, but neither are so arresting and colourful that you long to return to them. There is nothing to do but to slow down, relax, laze, to become one vast transparent eye.
And so I took Wangchuk, and for that day he was my companion. I still tired easily at that height, and he was patient with me, looking at me often to see if I was tiring, and sitting down first on a rock on a patch of moss, tactfully. That was gentle of him—not to mock me for my European lack of fitness but to sit first and save my face. He carried a bag of tsampa with him, and at noon, when we reached the shepherd’s hut, he divided it with me equally. Tsampa is ground cooked barley. I offered to pay him for my share. He would not hear of it. We ate in the warm shadows of the hut. Every time I looked up he was looking at me, with his deep intent eyes, crouched like a large kind animal in the corner. His eyes had no judgment in them; they were as deep and still as a deer’s.
‘Do you have children?’ he asked me. ‘No.’ ‘Do you have a wife?’ ‘No.’ ‘Then you must be very lonely.’ ‘I have friends. I have my work.’ ‘You talk like a monk.’ ‘I am far from being a monk.’ ‘What do you believe?’ he asked suddenly. ‘I do not know.’ ‘What do you mean?’ ‘What I say. I am in the dark. I am waiting.’ ‘What are you waiting for?’ ‘How can I know? If I knew what I was waiting for, I would make a move towards it.’ ‘Perhaps being here is your move towards it.’ ‘I hope so.’ As we parted, he hugged me and said, ‘You smile a great deal and you listen well, but I see that somewhere you are sad. I see that nothing has satisfied you . . .’ I started to protest. ‘No,’ he said, ‘nothing has satisfied you, not your work, not your friendships, not all your learning and travelling. And that is good. You are ready to learn something new. Your sadness has made you empty; your sadness has made you open!’ I said, ‘Jam Yang, you are kind. But I do not feel open.’ Jam Yang smiled. ‘You, my friend, are far more open than you know.’
‘We were in Shey monastery. One of the group started taking photographs of the monks. The monks do not mind. They think, if these people have come so far to be in Ladakh, why shouldn’t they take photographs if that gives them pleasure? Besides, many of the monks are like children: they love to be photographed. Well, one of the women in the group got very angry at the man who was taking photographs. She called him an exploiter, a voyeur, a male chauvinist fool, and everything else you can imagine. I took her to one side and said to her, “Don’t you think you might be angry because he is doing openly what you are doing secretly?” She looked at me as if I was mad. “What do you mean? I never take photographs.” “I mean,” I said, “that everyone here, including myself, is hoarding something, storing something of what we see and feel here. We are all, whether we like it or not, taking photographs, inward photographs . . . We are all guilty. As long as we do not perceive things purely we are guilty. And who perceives things purely, as they are, without desire or judgment, except the Enlightened? Only they are never ‘taking photographs’; only they do not hoard and appropriate. Only they do not ‘possess’ in any way.” That made her angry. She was angry at the thought that she herself might not already be perfect. ”In a way,” I went on, ”the Kashmiris are better than all of us. They are honest. They are honest about their greed. They do not pretend to be holy or cultured or purified. They want money and they say so. Who is more guilty, the tourist who wants a little illegal tanka, or the Kashmiri who sells it to him or her for an extortionate price?” ”Well,” she said, ”I do not want a tanka. I do not want anything.” ”Are you sure?” I said. ”Only yesterday you said you were looking for something to fill your life. You told me in the bus that you were unhappy and that you were looking for a new direction to your life. Isn’t that wanting something? Don’t you secretly want Ladakh to give you a Great Experience? Don’t you want Ladakh to transform you? Why have you come all this way if you do not want something, and feel that you can find it here? Maybe this wanting is more dangerous, more corrupt, than the simple desire for a bronze Bodhisatva, a piece of old flaking paint . . .” She walked away. She did not want to hear what I was saying.’
I had not minded waiting, walking up and down the monastery walls, round the Great White Stupa to the left of the main building, watching all the subtle stages of the valley’s folding into night. Slowly, the lights in the farms below were coming on, small fiery signs in a gathering darkness. It has always been the happiest part of the day for me, the moment when the lamps are lit. Standing on Shey, I remembered all the other places where I had been delighted by the first lighting of the lamps—in childhood at my grandmother’s house in Coimbatore, the white curtains dissolving in the light, an old servant moving in the shadows, only his face illuminated; in Venice, ten years ago, on a brilliant frosty winter evening, standing on the Accademia Bridge, alone, with only the steadily darkening water for company; in Oxford a hundred times, with the day’s work over.
The young Rinpoche’s jeep had crawled, its prayer flags flapping in the wind, half-way up the hill. Every yard of its slow progress was impeded by cheering and shouting Ladakhis. Drukchen got out of the car. He stood, looking up at the monastery’s door. I could see very little of him from this distance, except that he was thin, but strong-armed, and wore black glasses, like Nawang. He was shading his eyes to see more clearly. Then he started to stride up the hill. He did not use the winding path, but went straight up, skipping from boulder to boulder like a child. Then he broke into what was almost a run. Nawang said, ‘Drukchen loves to run. He hates being locked up in a monastery. He loves to ride too.’ Drukchen Rinpoche was now half-running up the hill, with a posse of young Ladakhis running with him. His people might believe Drukchen to be an incarnation of Naropa—but they felt no distance from him. He was their Prince, their high-priest, but he was also their brother, their son . . . Nothing separated him from them, no official protocol, no squadron of dark-glassed secret policemen. He laughed as he ran, and the people with him held out their hands to him, and he took them, one by one. The Old Rinpoche was waiting for him in the crumbling monastery door. He wore a gold cloak and leant on a stick tipped with a large silver dragon’s head. Old Tibet was waiting to greet young Ladakh. For a moment it was as if Tibet had not fallen, as if Ladakh were not threatened from within and without, as if all the long continuities of a sacred tradition were not menaced with destruction. The trumpets sounded. The two men touched hands, the young man gathered into the gold bulk of the old. The crowd fell silent.
Of the people of Ladakh and Tibet
‘My research takes me every day to a new village to interview someone, to talk with a family. And I have seen people of nearly every kind now. I have been to the most remote villages, I have talked with lamas and Westernised Ladakhis and old women and young shepherds. I ask all sorts of questions. It is strange for a cynical psychologist to spend every day with people that seem, as far as I can judge, to have little interest in deceiving or impressing you . . . And it is strange for me too to be among people who for the most part are happy. Don’t get me wrong—this is a harsh land, It is hard to get the crops to grow here on the rocky mountainsides, it is hard to survive the solitudes of the winter and the lonely places . . . In Zangskar I met a woman with no teeth, with dugs as long and withered as any Calcutta beggar, who had lost all her children, all her money, and who lived alone and raving in a small hut outside the village . . . But most of these people live simply and unsentimentally, they live with few needs, few prides, few vanities. They are tolerant to their old people, to their children, to each other. You know what they are taught by their priests? They are taught that every living thing has been their mother in a previous incarnation, and so they must respect it as their mother. I have seen very little cruelty. Once I saw a child tormenting a dog. That’s about all—in three years.
The religion of the Ladakhi people is practical, down-to-earth—it has very little to do with the complex refinements of the lamas. One of the questions I asked in that questionnaire was, “Is it a good thing to have pride?” Everyone answered “No”, without fail, and many added that pride was the root of all evil. Nowhere, in any of the replies to any of the questions I asked, was there a suggestion that competition and struggle were central to life, that one man should win out at the expense of another. A boy of ten will tell you seriously that it is wrong to hurt anyone or anything, and that if you do you will pay for it, in one life or another. An old woman who has been a wife and a farmer all her life will say to you, “Everything is empty, everything has only a relative meaning. Why then hurt anyone?” And yet this fear of pride, this absence of any sense of competition, has not made the Ladakhis soft, or inefficient—you have only to look across the valley from this window, at all the fields scraped from the rock, to realise how hard they work . . . ‘The Ladakhis are linked together by their faith in their Rinpoches, their head lamas. It is easy to look at this faith and say, it is superstitious, it absolves them from all the responsibilities of thought. But they do believe in the power of their holy men, and not only in a supernatural sense. They will go to the Rinpoche when they are sick, when they have family disputes, when they are arguing over a field—and they will accept his decision, which, in all the cases I’ve been able to judge, is usually a wise enough one. And this belief gives them peace. It is hard to say “And this belief gives them peace” without being either patronising or sceptical . . . but when you see and feel this peace, this dignity, day after day in the most ordinary situations, in the way in which an old woman will make you tea, in the way she smiles at you from the fields, in the frankness of her answers to your questions . . .’ He waved his hands in the air and shrugged his shoulders. ‘I do not understand it but I am moved by it.’ We sat in silence. Then Hans said, ‘I am aware that whatever “answers” there are going to be, if any, to the strife and terror of our industrial society, are not likely to come from the very different problems of an idyllic rural one, protected for centuries from the modern world. But there is a beauty of life here, and perhaps some people will derive faith in the West from seeing that people can live sanely. I love these people. I want to commemorate something I have seen and felt in them. I don’t know whether that can help anyone, even myself. I don’t know whether it will help them in their fight, either, against a world that threatens their identity, their existence. Perhaps the Ladakhis cannot survive as they are, perhaps they will have to perish as an ancient Buddhist culture and just accept the fragmentations and competitiveness of the modern world they are being propelled into . . .’He looked away sadly.
‘The Ladakhis are a shrewd, practical people,’ Hans said. ‘They have to be, living as they do; they value awareness, the kind of awareness that knows when to sow a field, how to conserve water, how to tell the quality of a sheep or a shawl; they are tolerant of weakness, but they call it by its true name.
‘Moneesha says that all this soul-baring is just an excuse to talk about ourselves. All this talk about getting rid of the Ego is just another chance for the Ego to go on about itself . . . Once I was sitting with an old sadhu in our home outside Pune and Moneesha came in. “What are you talking about?” “We are talking about the soul.” “Oh my god, what are you talking about that for?” The sadhu got angry and gave her a stern lecture on how sometimes certain kinds of talk could lead the spirit to greater understanding, and that anyway she should listen to her husband. Moneesha said, “If I listened to my husband I would fall ill with boredom. What does he know anyway, my husband? He is just a man. Men can go on talking about business, or politics, or God . . . we have to keep the house together. That is much more serious.”
‘The Tibetans were always a tough people,’ Hans said; ‘they had to be to survive in their high cold world; and now, in exile, they continue to survive and adapt. Why shouldn’t the boys wear sneakers and want to go to America? It’s a sad dream but to them technology still seems miraculous . . .’ He added, ‘But the old Tibet is still here: it is in some of the monks, some of the families; it is in the children, in the mountains, in the old women . . . Ladakh holds fragments of it in its old hand.’
‘I met the girl in my village near Dharamsala. She was older than me. At first it was very sexy. I used just to go and spend the night with her. You look surprised . . . We Tibetans, you know, are very free about sex, especially where I come from, Kham . . . There is a tradition, you know, about sleeping with members of other families when the husband is away . . . I used to go on expeditions with friends. One would say, “So-and-so is away! Let us see if his wife will let me in,” and he would crawl in through the bedroom window. Nearly always the wife said yes. Sometimes the husband did come back suddenly, of course, but he was very rarely angry. The most anyone got was a beating. Sometimes, of course, the husband had been doing exactly the same thing himself. Once I was with a friend. He went through the window to another friend’s wife, and came out beaming. Then he went to the house of yet another friend, who was away. At that friend’s window he met the husband of the first woman he had had that night. How we laughed!
He paused. ‘I am sheltered from too many things by being a Rinpoche. Sometimes it angers me. I do not want to be treated differently from anyone else. I do not want to be shut away from the world. What is the point of compassion unless it is exercised in experience, at the heart of things, and not from some privileged position? I do not want to be treated as a God; I want to be useful. And to be useful you must have lived variously, complexly; you must have been allowed to feel and see many things.
Charles looked one last time across the valley to the mountains. ‘It is hard to leave a place where you can believe that anything is possible. But that is why one must leave. To see if you were right, to see if your insights can be lived in a different air, at a lower level.”
Of history and politics...