★★★★★ (5/5)
A selection of my favourite passages
On the Majesty of Quran
• It is notable here that Allah S says the dreadful claim comes from their ‘mouths’, because to claim Allah S has a child cannot come from intellect, knowledge or a Divine book.
• That our Lord does not even address the Quraysh for rejecting the Prophet (S) but addresses him for his grief and being rejected reflects that Allah S cares for the affirmers, not the rejectors.
• It is commonly mentioned by Quranic scholars that a third of the Qur’an is stories, a third is law and a third is theology.
• It shows us that the Qur’an is not the speech of the Messenger (S). He was not sitting at home composing verses, because if that had been the case then he would have presented them with his revelation the next day. The fact that he has to wait for fifteen days demonstrates that he is not the author of the Qur’an, and that it is not in his control.
• when in trouble, turn to the Qur’an for protection
• this is the height of eloquence. Allah S spends four verses describing the man’s garden and all the ways in which He perfected it, and then He spends two words describing its destruction without any details.
• Aḥṣā means to write in explicit meticulous detail, and there is nothing large or small except that this book has meticulously preserved it.
Lessons from the Story of the Seven Sleepers
• Pure halal food shows us how much we care about Allah S, it is the real sign of taqwā (fear of Allah). Because when we monitor what we eat and where our money comes from, this truly shows how conscientious we are.
• Another point of benefit from the story of the People of the Cave is the virtue of having good companionship. The People of the Cave were a group, they were not alone. Believers gain help from the other believers; they seek help from Allah S for their brothers and sisters.
Lessons from the story of Two Gardens
• The first story, of the Sleepers of the Cave, was about the fitnah of religion, this second story concerns the fitnah of money
• A notable point here is the companion who is criticizing the man does so by teaching him as to how the latter should have acted. A Muslim never criticizes just by being negative and demeaning; rather, even in his criticism, he is merciful and tender.
• The companion then goes to the third and final point. His first point was on the man’s rejection of Allah S, the second on the man’s arrogance, the third is on how the man demeans his companion. The companion responds to all of these in the order that it deserves.
• And you come from a nuṭfah, a drop of fluid that disgusts you such that if it falls on your garment you wash it off. This is your origin, and now here you are arrogant and mighty…Out of this turāb and then out of nuṭfah Allah S has made you into this beautiful perfect human being and He has given you all that you have, so be grateful.
• by attributing this garden to himself the man made himself an idol besides Allah S.
• In the use of in tarani, i.e. ‘if you percieve’ or ‘if you find’, there is a sense of the companion highlighting the man’s delusion. He did not say, ‘I am less than you’ but ‘you perceive me to be less than you.’
Lessons from the story of Musa (R) and Khiḍr (A)
• the position that Khiḍr (A) is a walī and that he is still alive has no shred of evidence in the Qur’an and Sunnah, nor in common sense, reason and intellect.
• Mūsā would have every right to ask to study with Khiḍr because he was a fellow prophet.
• In the previous verse regarding the boat, Mūsā used the milder term imran, or to do something bad; however here he is using the harsher term nukra.
• Allah, the Exalted, says: ‘I have no reward other than Jannah for a believing slave of Mine who remains patient for My sake when I take away his beloved one from among the inhabitants of the world.’
• never does a person leave something for the sake of Allah S except that He gives him something better in return.
• Khiḍr is displaying Islamic manners; he ascribes the negative to himself, and the positive to Allah S.
Lessons from the story of Dhu Al-Qarnayn
• The first of the stories dealt with the fitnah of persecution for the sake of religion. The second story dealt with the fitnah of money. The third story dealt with the fitnah of knowledge. This fourth story deals with the fitnah of power; what happens when a person becomes powerful.
• flirting with power and being involved with power, infiltrates a person’s mind, and there is nothing more destructive to a person’s ego than power. Power gives fame, wealth, fortune and access to all of the other fitnas that a man has.
On Supplication
• ‘lā ḥawla wa lā quwwata illā billāh, there is no might or power except with Allah.
• this is one of those phrases that we should repeat and make a part of our ritual to remember Allah S. It is especially important when we feel a sense of ghurūr, a type of self- delusion or self- grandeur, or when we feel ḥasad, or jealousy, towards another;
• So if we feel jealous of someone, we should say mashā’Allāh bāraka Allāhu lak, meaning may Allah S give you more baraka, or blessings.
Kinds of Praise
• Hamd is completely different to shukr and madḥ.
• Ḥamd is to praise solely because the one that you are praising is worthy of that praise. So it is simultaneously broader and more specific. It is broader because it has nothing to do with what the one that you are praising might have done for you. And it is also more specific in that you have to praise the one being praised solely because he deserves that praise due to internal characteristics that he possesses, and not due to anything he has done to or for you.
• While shukr is in response to a favour of some kind or because you hope for a return, ḥamd is done because the one you are praising is worthy of that ḥamd.
On Knowledge
• Allah S warns us that we must speak with knowledge or don’t speak at all. He criticizes those who speak without knowledge and chastises those who say about Allah S that which is not true.
• When was the last time our pride allowed us to sit down under somebody younger than us, or who knows less than us overall but in a particular area knows more, so can benefit us with that knowledge?
• generally speaking argumentation has been discouraged, because truth is clear from error and argumentation or philosophizing too much is simply a waste of time.
• Too much questioning will lead you to find ways to block the truth, and this is not the way of the believers.
• Knowledge is a blessing if it is acted upon, but it becomes a curse if it leads to arrogance. It is a blessing if it enters the heart, but if knowledge remains in the head and doesn’t reach the heart then it becomes a curse.
• Notice it is raḥmah that comes first before knowledge in the verse. This is because if we have raḥmah without knowledge, we can still be good people, but knowledge without raḥmah is a problem.
• the only way— to gain knowledge is by studying it with the ʿulamā’, the teachers of knowledge.
• One of our classical scholars said that whoever takes his books as his teachers and makes the kutub his sheikhs, his mistakes will be greater than what he is correcting.
On Life and Vegetation
• Buildings, greenery and water is ingrained in us, and so Allah S speaks to us in a language we all understand. Jannah is far more than this, yes, so let us not feel embarrassed about its descriptions. It is what Muslims and non-Muslims alike all want.
• The example of the life of this world being like vegetation is a very common theme of the Qur’an and appears at least seven times.
• There are a number of commonalities between life and crops. First, the fact that it is temporary. Secondly, that it is luscious when it is alive and green, and thirdly that when it is gone it is useless. Similarly, when this world goes by you cannot retrieve it.
On the Day of Judgement and the Hereafter
• ‘There will come a time when the best property of a Muslim will be sheep, which he will take to the tops of mountains and the places of rainfall so as to flee with his religion from the afflictions.’
• people will seek protection in the caves and mountains from Dajjāl, thus resembling the young men and the cave mentioned in the beginning of the surah.
• Thus Allah S will command such people to fling themselves into the Fire and if they do so with full trust in the promise of Allah S then that Fire will become their Jannah. Those who refuse and do not show their trust in Allah’s S promise will then be punished with the real Fire.
• Notice that Allah S mentions two conditions to attain Jannah. Firstly, īmān and secondly aʿmālun Ṣāliḥāh or righteous deeds. These two conditions are paired together in over seventy verses in the Qur’an.
Gems from the Surah
• All of this underscores a very fundamental point of our religion of Islam. Islam is simple, logical and rational. It appeals to the mind, body, intellect and soul.
• Furthermore, the three pillars of īmān have also been referenced: loving Allah S, fearing Him, and hoping in Allah S. The verses clarify it thus; Allah S is worthy of being praised because we love Him, we are warned against punishment and we fear His punishment, and glad tidings are given of reward and we hope for Allah’s S reward.
• He instructed the angels to bow down before Adam and all did except Iblīs, ‘… he was of the jinn’. This is very explicit evidence that Iblīs was of the jinn, not of the angels as some other religions believe.
• In one example, a Ṣaḥābī complained about struggling to concentrate in ṣalāh and the Prophet (S) said that there is a Shayṭān whose name is Khinzab and whose job is to spoil your concentration in ṣalāh.
• This indicates that for every problem in the world there is one Shayṭān whose responsibility it is to tempt you to it.
• the salām and the greetings of the salām are uniquely Islamic concepts. That all of the believers of Allah S would greet one another with salām.
Points to Deliberate Upon
• Blessings begin from within before they manifest without. Before protection from their enemies, they needed protection from themselves and their wavering doubts.
• Never does Allah S test us except He also blesses us. With every fitnah (trial) there is faraj (remedy), and with every ʿadhāb (punishment) there is also raḥmah (mercy).
• He will protect us in manners we cannot expect.
• Being a believer does not mean we act in a foolhardy manner; courage and foolishness are not the same thing. The believer is brave but not foolish, they have trust in Allah S but they take precautions.
• Our religion says preserve religion, life, sanity and wealth; these are the maqāṣid or the goals of the Shariah.
• Sometimes Allah S commands, sometimes He threatens, sometimes He promises and sometimes He tells stories. Each are different methods Allah S employs to impart the point to us. If we don’t pay heed to one method, we may pay heed to another.
• in the Qur’an ‘kufr’ has two opposites. The first opposite of kufr is īmān and the other opposite is shukr (thankfulness).
• You and we all come from dust, turāb
• You need a little bit of this world, but if you immerse yourself too much into it then it will cause your own destruction.
• Mujrim also encompasses those Muslims who are not righteous and don’t live good lives, even if they knew the truth.
• if we want to protect our wealth we should give it fī sabīlillāh, in the way of Allah S.
Lessons of Surah Al-Kahf
• The importance of the Qur’an and its recitation is established.
• The surah also begins and ends with the theme of the prophethood of Muhammad (S) and his role and function.
• Among the many benefits of the surah is the constant praising of Allah S at all times.
• Throughout the surah we have clear examples of Allah S warning people to be careful when they speak about Him and His religion.
• As Surah al- Kahf shows us, the fact of the matter is anyone who wants to become an ʿalim needs an actual physical teacher as a mentor and tutor. The teacher– student relationship is necessary for a person to become a scholar.
• A repeated theme of this surah is that this world is temporary and this life is short.
• Another benefit of the surah is that it teaches us the importance of keeping good company and how helpful righteous friends are.
• There is no muṣībah except that within that muṣībah there are also blessings for us, if only we have patience and trust in Allah
• Surah al-Kahf also tells us to not follow the community just because they are the ones that are at the pinnacle of civilization, or have more money or power. The surah warns us against being deluded by this false sense of arrogance.
• Another takeaway of Surah al-Kahf is that we learn that we should treat people according to his or her level. We don’t treat people according to our level of knowledge but according to their level. We don’t treat people according to what we are doing but based on their circumstance.
• If we want to get to Jannah then we need to have strong iman and do good deeds for the sake of Allah S without showing off, without any arrogance and without corrupting and polluting those deeds.