The Stockwell Letters is a very interesting historical novel which touches on the role of women in the abolitionist movement. In the mid-nineteenth century, the United States is divided between the North, which has abolished slavery, and the South, where slavery is not only legal, but also continues to form the backbone of the plantation economy and society. Determined to put an end to slavery everywhere in the country, abolitionists were actively campaigning the federal government to reform the law and treat all human beings as equal and free.
Among the three main characters in the novel is Ann Philips, a Boston activist committed to the cause of freedom alongside her husband Wendell Phillips. A true historical character, Ann suffered her whole life from a frail physical condition. This did not prevent her from playing a key role behind the scenes, writing her husband's speeches and actively coordinating the abolitionist network of relations across the country. The Stockwell Letters shows how she became involved in the defence of Anthony Burns, a famous slave who fled to the North and was sent back to the South before being bought again and freed.
The chapters alternate between Ann’s story, Anthony’s tortuous journey from slavery to freedom, and the story of Colette, the wife of a tobacco plant owner in Virginia. The latter character is fictional but the author explains, in her afterword, that Colette was inspired by a mysterious female anonymous donor who funded Anthony’s studies while he was in the North.
I found The Stockwell Letters extremely interesting and gripping. I even cried a few times when reading particularly violent scenes showing the extreme cruelty in the treatment of slaves, especially fugitives.
I particularly enjoyed…
• the alternating points of view. Whereas Ann and Colette’s stories are told in the first person, Anthony’s is told in the third person, reflecting his alienation and powerlessness as his case becomes a symbol for the fight between Northern abolitionists and pro-slavery Southerners. Yet the identification is strong with all three characters and I found that the author managed to create a unique, endearing voice for each of them.
• the female perspective in the novel. Like Ann and Colette, the reader learns about key developments in Anthony’s case indirectly – via the oral reports of the men involved (such as Wendell) or via the press. Without being tedious, this method of narration reflects the limited role of women in the public sphere in the 19th century, while showing that these restrictions in no way prevented them from being committed to defending their ideas.
• learning about the history of slavery and the abolitionist movement in the US, including the legal and organizational aspects around the case of Anthony Burns. I discovered the role of the vigilance committees as well as the shameful provisions of the Fugitive Slave Act requiring Northern states to send back escaped slaves back to the state where they came from, depriving these men and women of their hard-won freedom and subjecting them to threat of revengeful torture and death.
• the author’s afterword which helps disentangle facts from fiction.
The few things that left me unconvinced were…
• a couple of scenes that appeared unbelievable to me. Colette’s reaction when her husband has a strike and Anthony’s decision to go on the deck of the boat while travelling with McDaniel - when he knows that his freedom hangs by a thread – seemed inconsistent with their psychology in the rest of the book.
• the mistakes in the French phrases used by Colette in certain parts of her story.