Bamba Susa and Banna Kanute, Sunjata: Gambian versions of the Mande Epic (translated by Gordon Innes and Bakari Sidibe, ed. by Lucy Dur��n and Graham Furniss) {1999] 117 pages
David C. Conrad, tr., Sunjata: A West African Epic of the Mande Peoples (narrated by Djanka Tassey Cond��) [2004] 206 pages
Between the eleventh and sixteenth centuries, three major empires rose and fell in the West African savannah, approximately in what are now the countries of Senegal, Guinea and Mali: the Empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. The Mande Epic of Sunjata is the story of the thirteenth century founder of the second empire, the Empire of Mali, who is variously known as Sonjara, Sunjata, Sundiata, etc. depending on dialect and system of transcription. While the better known European epics were fixed by memorization and later in writing at an early period and exist in standard editions with minimal variations, the African epics are still part of a living oral composition tradition, and so are told quite differently with each performance. I read two books which between them contain three different versions by three different poets. The first book, collected and translated by Gordon Innes, contains two versions from Gambia; the second, collected and translated by David C. Conrad, contains one much longer version from Guinea. All three versions have been considerably abridged for publication. While this and the other African epics reflect what must have been the original form of the European epics, there are also interesting differences; there is much more emphasis on magic and women play a much greater role.