Edith Wharton may be always remembered for her classic novel of the changing landscape of American nobility, "The Age of Innocence," but she has rapidly developed a reputation for being one of the goddesses of the ghost story. But do her tales of the supernatural hold up to her legacy as being among the great American writers?
To answer this question, I decided to go to the source. Though "The Ghost Stories of Edith Wharton" has become a popular collection, I chose to read her first published collection of fantasy to see in what context audiences at the turn of the 20th Century would have experienced Wharton's ghostly encounters.
"Tales of Men and Ghosts" is her 1910 omnibus of ten novelettes and shorts, re-released by Wildside Press in 2005. And the first thing I notice is that the stories are not necessarily about "men AND ghosts," but primarily just about men... with a few stories that happen to have ghosts in them.
The premier tale is "The Bolted Door." Wow, sounds like a title straight out of Poe or Hawthorne, doesn't it? Well, in a way, it is, but not the way you might think. This is Edith Wharton turning the gothic romance on its head for the 20th Century. There's nothing supernatural or horrific about this story. Instead, what we have here is a self-preoccupied playwright who is disillusioned by his lack of fame and success, so he wants to kill himself. However, he can't override his survival instinct by pulling the trigger against his own temple. So he goes about trying to confess to an old murder in order to be convicted and executed. But this is modern America, and his belated confession just seems too romantic and improbable, so no matter what he says, he is not believed. Is he really a murderer, or has it merely become an obsession to convince people that he is? A brilliant and multi-layered dark comedy with lots to say about psychiatry, the complacency and naivety of the upper middle class, selfishness, and many other themes.
This story is followed by two more non-paranormal studies of human psychology. "His Father's Son" is one I should mention in more detail. This entry almost brought a tear to my eye, and has an absolutely delightful twist that reverses gender roles in a hilarious but touching way. If you want to hear more, message me, or read the tale for yourself. These are the kinds of surprises I look forward to when reading Edith Wharton.
Of the actual ghost stories, only two of these appear in "The Ghost Stories of Edith Wharton." First we have "The Eyes," followed by "Afterward."
"The Eyes" is not exceptional as ghost stories go, but those of you who are fans of Henry James will instantly recognize the themes of surfacing conscience and repression. It is a kind warning to everyone to not hide who they really are inside and not to be ashamed of one's sexuality.
Now, if you've ever read Nietzsche's "Genealogy of Morals" (or better yet, my review of that book), you'd recognize the Prussian philosopher's influence on Wharton's stories. In fact, she evidently had been taking a course in philosophy and had read Nietzsche about two or three years prior to the publication of "Men and Ghosts." Nowhere is Nietzsche more apparent than in the story "The Blond Beast." The title comes from the Nietzschean archetype of the strong and ruthless barbarian, and the main protagonist, a man with a plan to climb the ladder to success, sees himself as just such a superman. However, our young theoretical Nietzschean has a lot to learn. Thinking he needs to be ruthless in his strength, he is surprised to find his own compassion when he encounters a lame dog being picked on by street urchins, and when he is placed in a situation to hurt the man he loves. Wharton has an understanding of a kindler Nietzschean superman, and it is through his newly discovered compassion for the suffering of others that our main character is able to refuse a bribe to remain silent about unscrupulous business decision of his employer.
Infinitely quotable, these stories are a treasure trove of passages to savor and ideas to contemplate. But don't expect the prose to be on the level of "The Age of Innocence" or "Ethan Frome." In her later work, she clearly had developed a cadence to her language that was exquisitely beautiful, but here she has not yet reached those heights. I think this also means that these stories are a little less intimidating and easier to read, though Wharton should never be accused of being difficult like a James Joyce.
If you are a lover of classic and underappreciated literature, Wildside Press has likely got a great book for you, and "Tales of Men and Ghosts" is another fine example of their catalog. This is not necessarily the book you want to pick up to match your Halloween spirit, but I definitely recommend anyone experience these tales any time of year. Edith Wharton is truly an amazing artist, and I think you'll enjoy her work in the short format.