Os Últimos Soldados da Guerra Fria

by Fernando Morais

Organizações criminosas internacionais, aventuras mirabolantes, disfarces perfeitos, emissários secretos, conquistas amorosas: o novo de Fernando Morais traz todos os elementos de suspense de um romance de espionagem. Mas não contém um só pingo de ficção. Contando a saga da Rede Vespa, um seleto grupo de agentes secretos que se infiltrou em organizações anticastristas em Miami, o autor nos transporta ao incrível mundo desses James Bonds tropicais, que ao contrário do agente secreto inglês têm ainda de enfrentar uma profunda penúria de recursos - técnicos e financeiros - enquanto desempenham seu trabalho perigoso e solitário.

Genres: History, Nonfiction, Politics, Romance, American, Espionage

412 pages, Paperback

First published August 1, 2011

About the author

Jornalista desde 1961, trabalhou nas redações do Jornal da Tarde, Veja, Folha de S. Paulo e TV Cultura.

Recebeu três vezes o Prêmio Esso e quatro vezes o Prêmio Abril de Jornalismo. Foi deputado estadual durante oito anos (pelo MDB-SP e depois pelo PMDB-SP) e secretário da Cultura (1988-1991) e da Educação (1991-1993) do Estado de São Paulo. É autor dos roteiros das minisséries documentais Brasil 500 Anos e Cinco dias que abalaram o Brasil, exibidas pelo canal GNT/Globosat.

Escreveu, entre outros, Transamazônica (Brasiliense, 1970, com Ricardo Gontijo e Alfredo Rizutti), A Ilha (Alfa-Ômega, 1975, reeditado pela Companhia das Letras em 2001), Olga (Alfa-Ômega, 1985, reeditado pela Companhia das Letras em 1993), Chatô, o rei do Brasil (Companhia das Letras, 1994), Corações sujos (Companhia das Letras, 2000), Cem quilos de ouro (Companhia das Letras, 2002), Na toca dos Leões (Planeta, 2004) e Montenegro (Planeta, 2006).

Tem livros traduzidos em dezenove países. Em 2001 Corações sujos recebeu o Prêmio Jabuti de Livro do Ano de Não-Ficção. Em 2004 Olga foi transformado em filme pelo diretor Jayme Monjardim, tendo sido visto por mais de cinco milhões de espectadores e indicado pra representar o país no Oscar de 2005. É membro do Conselho Político do jornal Brasil de Fato e do Conselho Superior da Telesur, TV pública latino-americana sediada em Caracas, Venezuela. É membro da Academia Marianense de Letras, onde ocupa a Cadeira nº 13, que teve como primeiro titular o presidente Tancredo Neves.

Reviews

[Gus Mendonca · Rating 4 out of 5]

Fernando Moraes tem um grande talento para contar histórias mais estranhas que a ficção. Tive contato com a obra do autor pela primeira vez com "corações sujos", relato da seita de imigrantes japoneses que, após o fim da segunda guerra mundial, se recusavam a acreditar que o Japão imperial havia sido derroto. "Os últimos soldados da guerra fria" com partilha com "corações sujos" a qualidade de sempre surpreender o leitor pelo absurdo das situações narradas. Eu desconhecia completamente as ações dos grupos cubanos de extrema direita nos EUA, assim como ignorava a operação de contra terrorismo que Cuba realizou em Miami. "Os últimos soldados" também serve com uma introdução as relações EUA-Cuba, notadamente no que diz respeito ao papel da comunidade expatriada em Miami na política externa norte-americana. Do ponto de vista da prosa e da pesquisa histórica, Moraes também repete as qualidade vistas em "corações": escrita ágil e ampla coleta de dados e entrevistas. De negativo apenas dois pontos: o epílogo poderia dar mais informações acerca das organizações de ultra direita em Miami e destino de de seus dirigente, além disso, um defeito também de "corações", Moraes carrega suas narrativa com uma pletora de personagens, muitos dos quais não tem influência real na história construída. Os dois pequenos revezes, no entanto, não diminuem a qualidade do livro. Extremamente recomendado.

[MM Suarez · Rating 5 out of 5]

I really enjoyed this work and definitely recommend it to anyone interested in history and politics specially as it relates to Cuba - U.S relations. Word of caution, if you have a Cuban grandmother it is best not to tell her you've read this book as it is considered heresy by most Cuban Americans of a certain age😉

[john callahan · Rating 5 out of 5]

I enjoyed reading this book a lot, and I learned a lot from it. It is about 14 Cubans who were sent secretly to Miami (Florida USA) to infiltrate violent organizations of anti-Castro Cuban exiles who for years carried out attacks in Cuba. In the 1980s and 1990s, these groups frequently bombed hotels and came in close to shore in small boats to strafe beaches where foreign tourists were lying about. Some smuggled or attempted to smuggle arms into Cuba to give to alleged anti-Castro rebels. (Such activity had been going on for years in different forms.)

These spies did not steal secrets from the US government; instead, they gathered intelligence on the activities and plans for terrorist actions of the anti-Castro forces, in the hope of -- at the minimum -- warning the Cuban government of imminent attacks.

All of these spies were arrested in 1998. Some confessed, testified against their colleagues, and, after short prison terms, entered the US government's Witness Protection program.

Others were sentenced to long prison terms. The US government charged one of them with conspiracy to commit murder, because he was part of a group that flew small planes into Cuban airspace, primarily, it seems, to harass the Cuban government. One day, after repeated warnings from Cuba that the planes would be shot down, two of these planes -- carrying 8 people -- were destroyed by Cuban fighter jets (The person charged with conspiracy did not scheme with the Cuban government to shoot down the planes). He was sentenced to 2 life sentences plus 30 years.

By 2011, after international outcry, all of the imprisoned spies were released.

I found the book fascinating because it provides information about those raids on Cuba from Florida; I had only heard about them in Joan Didion's earlier book Miami, but she did not discuss their frequency or severity. It also provided information about how real spies were deployed in the US. It would be easier to plant spies in the US if there were large, concentrated populations of people from your country already there (the Soviets did not have this advantage).

Even so, I am sure it is not terribly difficult to plant spies in the USA, compared to how difficult it would be for the US to plant spies in, for example, the USSR or Russia.

This book would be of interest to a wide circle of readers, but especially those interested in Cuba, Cuban-American relations, or espionage in general.

[Dominic]

Functional ... the author gives a good account of the story of the 5 and shows the murky world of the Cuban exiles in Miami.

[Shaun · Rating 4 out of 5]

The Last Soldiers of the Cold War: The Story of the Cuban Five is a timely book given the recent conversations between the United States and Cuba (as of July 2015). It tells the story of more than just five men, instead telling the story of a group of men and women in Florida committed to their anti-Castro stance.

Most of the book covers events that took place in both Florida and Cuba by groups both supporting the Castro led government and opposing the government. It's well researched.

The book was very difficult to read and follow. There are many, many characters and most of them have multiple aliases. It's also not written in a very linear manner nor in a story telling "style". Fernando Morais is a journalist, and the writing reflects that. Incredibly detailed, which at times became tedious and unnecessarily detailed. Despite this, I was not aware of much of what was covered in the book, such as bombings in Cuba orchestrated by Cubans in Florida and Latin America. So I learned a lot from the book.

Overall, if you are interested in Cuban history with the United States post-1961 and pre-2015, you should definitely check it out.

I received this book for free through a Goodreads First Reads giveaway.

[Juliana Yoshida · Rating 5 out of 5]

Mais uma vez, Fernando Morais apresenta mais uma história verídica, bem relatada, com uma grande riqueza de detalhes e de fácil leitura. É o primeiro livro em que a história se passa totalmente fora do Brasil, tratando de um assunto delicado que é o relacionamento de Cuba e EUA. Os fatos são recentes e mostram todas as manobras e maquinário políticos, terroristas e anti-terroristas por trás dos bastidores. Leitura altamente recomendada!

[John · Rating 4 out of 5]

On February 24, 1996, three small planes set off from Florida, planning to enter Cuban airspace over Havana and drop propaganda leaflets. They were piloted by members of Brothers to the Rescue, one of the many anti-Castro organisations that were then not only trying to reverse the revolution in Cuba but create havoc in the country through terrorist attacks on hotels, beaches, tourist offices and even international flights. It was far from the first time the Brothers had overflown Cuba: and on each occasion although they'd been warned of the consequences they'd ignored the warnings. This time, because the overflights were to draw attention to the cancellation of a planned protest assembly in Cuba itself, they had not only been warned against flying by the US authorities, but the licence of José Basulto, the lead plot, had been suspended.

Nevertheless Basulto was at the controls of the third plane that crossed into Cuban airspace, and he was perfectly positioned to see what happened to the other two. This time, on being spotted by Cuban radar, the MIG jets sent to intercept them did not merely hassle the planes as they crossed the invisible frontier, but destroyed the first and then the second with air-to-air missiles. As he turned his own plane away to avoid the same fate, Basulto was heard on the radio to burst out laughing: the Cuban government had over-reacted and inadvertently given a huge boost to the Brothers' propaganda activities.

The US authorities ignored the proof supplied by Cuba that the planes had been downed in Cuban waters, claiming instead that they had still been in international airspace. Cuba was able to put in front of the news media a defector from the anti-Castro groups, Juan Pablo Roque, who said he personally had been warned against flying that day by the FBI, who already knew that the Brothers and the other groups had been smuggling explosives and weapons into Cuba. Not long afterwards, Fidel Castro sent his opposite number Bill Clinton a 200-page dossier detailing the crimes carried by terrorist groups in Cuba. Soon after it was delivered, one of the groups destroyed the Cuban tourist office in Mexico City.

The downing of the two planes was to have huge consequences. First, Clinton set about intensifying the embargo against trade with Cuba which had been in place since 1962. By signing the Helms-Burton Act, he made international companies subject to the same sanctions as US ones, and this would eventually lead (for example) to the Credit Suisse bank being fined over half a billion dollars for so-called 'trafficking' with Cuba. Only a few similar interventions were needed to ensure that Cuba had – and still has – extreme difficulty in trading internationally, not only with the US itself.

Another consequence was that the US continued to turn a blind eye to growing terrorist attacks on tourists in or travelling to Cuba: there were 127 incidents in five years, including the machine-gunning of passenger ships and thirteen hijackings of Cuba-bound flights. As well as a number of deaths, there was severe damage was to the tourist industry which had become an important source of foreign income after the collapse of the Soviet Union (the main market for Cuba's sugar). Despite regular protests that the attacks were being coordinated from Florida, the US government asserted they were internal incidents carried out by Cubans. Of the men behind them, operating freely in the US, the most notorious was Luis Posada Cariles who years earlier had been found guilty in Venezuela of organising the bombing of a flight to Cuba in 1976, which killed all 73 passengers and crew. (He lives in Florida to this day, now aged 87, despite having admitted to the New York Times that he organised many of the attacks).

A third consequence of the downing of the Brothers' planes would not become apparent until later. It turned out that Juan Pablo Roque was not a turncoat, but a spy planted by the Cuban authorities, one of a dozen men and two women who were part of the 'WASP' network, operating clandestinely in the US to thwart the terrorist attacks coming from Florida. Another of the Cuban agents, Rene González, had been due to pilot one of February 24 overflights but managed to excuse himself after a prior warning from Havana. Rene originally left Havana in 1990, in a set up in which he posed as a deserter who stole a Cuban airforce plane and landed it in Florida. This apparently daring feat had given him huge credibility with the dissident Cuban groups, and he had soon been able to join them and start to spy on their activities. However, unknown both to the agents and to the groups they had joined, by 1994 WASP was being monitored by the FBI. Investigators had rented an apartment opposite the one where Rene lived, solely to keep watch on him.

Nevertheless, the agents continued their work and by 1998 had amassed a huge dossier of evidence on the Florida-based groups. In negotiations involving Gabriel García Márquez (a friend both of Castro and of Clinton), the cache of evidence was handed over to a high-level FBI delegation who made a secret visit to Havana in June that year. The implied understanding was that they would act on it by arresting leaders of the dissidents. Instead, however, in September of the same year, following a series a dawn raids, they charged and placed in custody all but three members of the WASP network. Some of those detained made plea bargains, but the group who would soon become known as the 'Cuban Five' were put before the courts and eventually sentenced to a range of prison terms from 15 years to life. The longest sentence was imposed on Gerardo Hernández, who was found guilty of sending the information to Havana that signalled the overflights of the three Cuban aircraft in 1994, and who was therefore held culpable for the four deaths when two of the planes were shot down (despite the plans for the flights being widely known and the pilots having been specifically warned against flying). All were found guilty of espionage against the US government, even though they had only ever targeted Cuban terrorists.

This book by Morais tells the story in detail, up to the time of the trial (with notes on what subsequently happened, including their release). He had the collaboration of Cuban authorities and access to a large part of the FBI evidence. It is a gripping read, and is likely to remain the definitive account of a story which, eventually, had a reasonably satisfactory conclusion. Needless to say, twenty years after the events described here, Cuban tourism is prospering, despite the prolonged but failed efforts of Cuba's enemies in Miami.

The international campaign to free the 'Five' was eventually successful (after intervention by Pope Francis) when the three that had not yet completed their sentences were released on December 17, 2014. I am proud to say I was watching Cuban TV that day, rather stunned, as Raul Castro made the announcement that the Five were already back in the country. I saw the delight on the faces of Cubans, young and old, in the days that followed. As it happens, I'd met one of the Five, Fernando González, in Nicaragua after his release a few weeks before. I'd also met the mother of Rene González, Irma Sehwerert, when she visited Nicaragua in the period before Rene's release from prison in 2011. Framed on the wall of our house in Masaya we have a poster of Obama which calls on him to 'Give Us Five'. Eventually, he did.

[Marcella · Rating 5 out of 5]

Uma história inacreditável, digna de filme. Uma versão latino-americana de The Americans, menos glamurosa mas não menos impressionante. O tempo inteiro lendo esse livro, eu só conseguia pensar COMO ISSO AINDA NÃO VIROU UMA SÉRIE???? E a explicação é que virou um filme que deve estrear em breve (mas nem muita pompa e circunstância).

Os Últimos Soldados da Guerra Fria conta a história da Rede Vespa, uma rede de espiões cubanos que se infiltrou em grupos anticastristas com atuações terroristas em Miami durante os anos 90. Todos eram militares, alguns de carreira longa, outros jovens recém-formados na faculdade, que desertaram em algum momento. Alguns preservaram suas identidades reais, outros adotaram nomes, certidões de nascimento e até sotaques falsos. Nem as próprias famílias deles sabiam o que se passava, e muitos deles acabaram constituindo família enquanto infiltrados, tudo para dar mais veracidade aos disfarces. O objetivo era um só: enviar informações de volta à Havana sobre as atuações de grupos terroristas que, durante os anos 90 e início dos anos 2000, causaram diversos ataques à bomba em Cuba. Os alvos eram principalmente hotéis, restaurantes e demais áreas turísticas, com o objetivo de causar rebuliço internacional e afastar o turismo. Como o governo americano não dava muita bola para as constantes denúncias feitas pelo governo cubano - muito porque os grupos anticastristas na Flórida tinham TAMANHA influência que eram capazes até de levar eleições para um lado ou para o outro, além de influenciar decisões de tribunais e políticos - Havana decidiu por usar uma velha tática soviética: os espiões in loco.

As histórias do grupo são realmente coisa de cinema, e o livro dá ainda um bom panorama do que era a política internacional envolvendo a tensa relação entre Cuba e os EUA nesse período. Todos os relatos foram tirados de entrevistas e notícias da época, além de entrevistas que o autor fez com alguns especialistas e pessoas envolvidas. Ele tenta dar uma visão mais ampla e menos parcial, mas quem conhece o trabalho do Fernando Morais sabe das inclinações dele, o que não diminui em nada a qualidade do trabalho - ainda que seja prudente você pesar algumas coisas.

De qualquer forma, super recomendo! Para curte The Americans, Os Últimos Soldados da Guerra Fria será uma delícia de leitura.

[Mika Auramo · Rating 3 out of 5]

Fernando Morais kirjoitti väkevän kirjan, jossa hän kertoo viiden Yhdysvalloissa toimineen kuubalaisagentin tarinan ja epilogissa paljastaa vielä, kuinka heille lopulta kävi. Kirjan nimen suomennos on onneton, eikä kyse ollut suinkaan ”viimeisistä mohikaaneista”.

Kyse on siis La Red Avispa – verkoston toiminnasta (mm. Gonzaléz, Hernández, Guerrero, Labañino ja Santos), sen vaikutuksista ja lopulta päättymisestä. Niin kuin historiaa tuntevat tietävät, että Yhdysvallat käy terrorisminvastaista sotaa toisaalla ja toisaalla rahoitetaan terroristien toimintaa niin kuin kymmenien vastavallankumouksellisten organisaatioiden Amerikoissa. Tämä kirja keskittyy muutaman avainhenkilön toimintaan ja soluttautumiseen vastavallankumouksellisiin organisaatioihin Floridassa menneinä vuosikymmeninä.

Kirja perustuu monipuolisiin lähteisiin ja kymmenien eri haastateltavien lausuntoihin, mm. pommiattentaatista kärähtäneeseen El Salvadorilaiseen, joka tunki pariinkin otteeseen C-4-räjähdettä matkatavaroihin ja lähti hotelleja pommittamaan. Hän oli nimeltään Cruz Leon, josta tehdään varsinainen filmiaddikti ja terroristibimbo.

Sen sijaan Castron-vastaisen opposition toiminta näyttäytyy vain etäältä, esim. Cuban Council -verkosto 1990-luvun puolivälissä, johon oli sekaantunut niin kirkon miehiä kuin armeijan upseereitakin.

Lopulta päästään suureen oikeudenkäyntiin, kun Castro paljastaa antikommunistiset terroristiverkostot Clintonille. Seuraus ei ollutkaan toiveiden mukainen, ja FBI ratsasi johtohenkilöt eikä suinkaan kuubalaistaustaisia äärioikeistolaisia radikaaleja, jotka olivat ampuneet turisteja ja tehneet terroristihyökkäyksiä Kuubassa siviilikohteita vastaan. Seurasi siis suuri oikeussirkus, jossa tuomittujen penkillä olikin kirjan ”viisi sankaria”.

Kirja oli mielenkiintoista luettavaa, sillä historiallisiin tapahtumiin sai ikään kuin sammakkoperspektiivin, joka perustui vielä tarkkaan valittuihin lähteisiin ja haastatteluihin, jotka oli sijoitettu toimivasti. Rakenne on kronologinen, ja yllättävä kyllä sekä agentit että terroristit inhimillistetään vahvasti. Esimiehet jäävät kulisseihin, ja sen sijaan kuubalaisagenteista ja heidän läheistään annetaan paikoin perin yksityiskohtaisia tietoja ihan koti-ikävästä, toimeentulo- ja rakkaushuolistakin.

[Jeremy · Rating 4 out of 5]

While the US and the anti-Castro Cubans were waging a war against Castro and Cuba and creating havoc with the tourist industry there as well as disrupting other sectors, a number of loyal Cubans fled to Miami. On the surface these were just more disaffected Cubans escaping the misery of living in Cuba but in reality they were being sent to infiltrate, spy and report back. The purpose was to try to minimise the impact of these attacks on the Cuban economy and not to hurt or attack Cubans in Miami or Americans. To warn of people coming over with explosives to bomb hotels or stashing guns on a beach to shoot up the tourists later.
To be fair, the Anti-Castro faction didn't want to hurt people either, their target was economy not lives.
This is the story of how these brave souls left Cuba and set up their new lives in Miami and avoided detection for so long. About the damage and misery they managed to prevent being inflicted on Cuba and how they were detected, caught and punished by the USA.
There is a fair amount of political intrigue around the relationship between US Presidents (both siting and past) and Castro and the deals that were being struck behind the screen that we all saw on the worlds stage. Fascinating if sometimes hard reading.
If you want to skip all that, look out the film "The Wasp Network" it contains the essential elements of the story but misses out so much of the back stories as well as the machinations over the release of one of the 5 and his attempts to get back to Cuba.

[Douglas Markowitz · Rating 5 out of 5]

An absolutely fascinating account of the Wasp Network, the ring of Cuban spies that infiltrated Miami's far-right anti-Castro organizations to prevent them from destroying the island's economy through terrorist bombings. Goes in depth into the lives of the "Cuban Five," the quintet from the network who did not accept a plea deal after they had been caught by the FBI. Also contains tons of background on related topics such as the Special Period, the Mariel Boatlift, Elian Gonzalez, etc. As someone who's lived in South Florida nearly my entire life there's much in this book I never knew about - such is the fervency of the exile community with regard to Castro that the only opinion one can have publicly about him is that he's worse than Hitler. Morais acts as a more impartial voice, sympathetic to the spies (especially later in the book, once they've been caught) but not necessarily to Castro, and always reasonable about the morality of the acts recorded. He takes the action out of the anti-communist echo chamber that I grew up in, and I thank him for that. I also commend his prowess as a writer - as soon as I started the book, I could not put it down. Highly recommended.

[Amanda González · Rating 5 out of 5]

4.5 - As a Cuban who grew up hearing about “los cinco heroes,” I really appreciated Morais’ examination of “The Five” and their roles in Cuban and American history. I wished more time had been spent on the trial and think the book would have benefitted from a discussion about international reactions to the sentencing.

Most of the time, Morais does a great job at presenting just the facts, but his bias shows sometimes. I don’t necessarily think it’s a pro-Cuban bias and would instead argue that it’s a pro-Five bias. I fundamentally disagree with the view that there can ever be any kind of objectivity, and appreciate that if the book leans any way, it’s toward care and humanity.

There were some issues with translation here and there and I wish some things were made clearer (ex: Morais mentions several times that field agents didn’t communicate directly with Gerardo, but there are accounts of personal communication between Gerardo and Rene). I also think sections of the book could have been shortened to make space for both a more in-depth look at the trial and examinations of what happened after the trial.

[Fortunata · Rating 5 out of 5]

I read this book because the netflix movie intrigued me and I wanted to learn more. The book presents a fairly unbiased view of both the pro-Castro and anti-Castro supporters and reveals the somewhat extreme lenghts the Cuban government was forced to go through in order to protect themselves from the extreme anti-Cubans. In the middle of this is the expected meddling of American politics as it tries to juggle and work with a minority group that has wielded some power. My sympathies are with the Cuban 5

[Vinicius Boreki · Rating 4 out of 5]

A história do livro é bem bacana: falar sobre os infiltrados cubanos vivendo nos EUA. Eles não estavam lá para coletar informações de guerra ou dos EUA, mas para se infiltrar em organizações anti-Fidel.

Eu daria 3,5 estrelas pelo livro. A apuração é bacana e a história, também. Achei o texto um pouco truncado às vezes, menos cativante do que outros livros do Fernando Morais.

Mas vale a leitura!

[Pablo · Rating 3 out of 5]

A narrativa é fluida e procura se aproximar de um romance, sendo prazerosa a leitura. Contudo, isso cria um revés: a imprecisão na relação entre fontes de consulta, listadas ao final do livro, e as informações apresentadas ao longo do livro por vezes levanta a desconfiança de que o apresentado pode ser mais fictício do que real. É um trabalho narrativo muito bom, mas como obra jornalística, impreciso.

[Cristiano Ferreira · Rating 4 out of 5]

A historia é muito boa. Te ensina muito sobre vários aspetos dessa relacao Cuba-Usa. Mas a escrita em si não é tão primorosa, elegante. Mas é um livro muito bom para se conhecer a historia desses homens.

[Manoj Saha · Rating 5 out of 5]

Wasp Network(2019)

[Ana Caroline · Rating 4 out of 5]

Vtnc estragos unidos

[Michael Davis · Rating 4 out of 5]

Cold War account of a Cuban spy network tasked with getting information on the community of Miami based Cuban Americans that had been terrorizing the island. Really altered my view on Cuba at the time and the US complicity in the Miami based actions were very telling.

[Vitor Garcia · Rating 5 out of 5]

Se você quer conhecer uma nova Cuba, totalmente diferente da que é pintada pelos meios de comunicações mundiais, esse é um excelente livro.
O livro narra de uma forma leve a operação Vespa, que infiltrou agentes da Inteligência de Cuba em organizações anticastristas da Florida. Baseando-se em uma série de documentos, fotos, entrevistas e gravações, o autor mostra como a operação foi realizada, desde a sua idealização até o julgamento dos "espiões cubanos" no começo do século pelo governo dos EUA, e como os EUA permitiram que as ações terroristas desses grupos continuassem atuando em Cuba.
Seja para estudo, seja para lazer, esse é um excelente livro para abrir os olhos com relação ao grande defensor dos Direitos Humanos e guerreiro contra terroristas que os EUA tentam parecer para o mundo.

[Ciro Messias · Rating 4 out of 5]

O livro é sensacional, a história me prendeu de tal forma que passei madrugadas lendo, enquanto tinha que acordar às 5am para trabalhar. Só tenho uma pequena observação, mas lógico não depreciativa. Entendo que a história é longa e dar muitos detalhes é praticamente impossível, mas confesso que fiquei um pouco confuso na hora de guardar os nomes dos personagens. São muitas pessoas envolvidas na Rede, e nas organizações anticastristas. Tantas que tem momentos que me confundo de que lado afinal de contas a pessoa está. De resto, irretocável!