The complete screenplay of Christopher Nolan's Oppenheimer.
Oppenheimer centers on the life of the "father of the atomic bomb." Based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning book American Prometheus by Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin, the film stars Cillian Murphy as the man who led the effort, in the midst of a world war, to unleash the power of the atom.
Christopher Nolan has fashioned a story of discovery bathed in the light of a thousand suns – but one that is darkened by government surveillance and the travesty of a trial to which Oppenheimer was subjected.
In his introduction to the screenplay, Kai Bird, co-author of American Prometheus , praises Nolan’s skill in taking an extremely complex life story and miraculously turning it into "visual art that is faithful both to the history and the man."
Christopher Jonathan James Nolan (born July 30, 1970) is a British-American film director, screenwriter and producer. He is known for writing and directing such critically acclaimed films as Memento (2000), the remake Insomnia (2002), the film adaptation The Prestige (2006), Inception (2010), and rebooting the Batman film franchise. The latter made him the second most commercially successful British director in recent years, behind David Yates. Nolan is the founder of the production company Syncopy Films.
He often collaborates with his wife, producer Emma Thomas, and his brother, screenwriter Jonathan Nolan, as well as cinematographer Wally Pfister, film editor Lee Smith, composers David Julyan and Hans Zimmer, special effects coordinator Chris Corbould, and actors Christian Bale and Michael Caine.
Nolan often casts the same actors in different films. Christian Bale, Michael Caine, Russ Fega, Cillian Murphy and Larry Holden are among his more frequent acting collaborators.
Nolan's wife Emma Thomas has produced most of his films, with the exception of Memento and Insomnia. Lee Smith has been Nolan's editor since Batman Begins, with Dody Dorn editing Memento and Insomnia. Wally Pfister has served as cinematographer for all of Nolan's films starting with Memento. David Julyan composed music for Following, Memento, Insomnia, and The Prestige, while Hans Zimmer provided music for Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, and Inception.
It is perfectly obvious that the whole world is going to hell. The only possible chance that it might not is that we do not attempt to prevent it from doing so. ―J. Robert Oppenheimer
آیا اپنهایمر عضو حزب کمونیست آمریکا بود؟ بهرغم تصویری که فیلم نولان از اپنهایمر به دست میدهد، اسناد و مدارک تاریخی نشان میدهند او نهتنها عضو پنهانی حزب کمونیست، که چهبسا در مقطعی مامور مخفی شوروی بوده و دستکم آنها را از شروع پروژهی اتمی امریکا آگاه کرده بوده است. بهعلاوه، بارها و از جمله در جلسهی بازپرسی سال 1954 دربارهی عضویتش در حزب کمونیست شهادت دروغ داده است، حال آنکه در همان جلسه اعتراف کرده بود مبالغ زیادی پول به حزب اهدا میکرده. شماری از ماموران مخفی شوروی در پروژهی منهتن نفوذ کرده بودند که تعدادیشان در همان زمان اپنهایمر لو رفته بودند، مانند کلائوس فوکس. هنوز که هنوز است هویت برخی از این ماموران طی تحقیقات جدید فاش میشود. بنا بر روایت رایج، که در فیلم نولان هم میبینیم، برای اپنهایمر پاپوش دوخته بودند، چون با ساختن بمب هیدروژنی مخالف بود. مدرکی در تایید این روایت در دست نیست. از سوی دیگر اما اسناد محکم و مهمی داریم که به خلاف این روایت دلالت دارند. کم نبودند امریکاییها و اروپاییانی که به خاطر توهمات ایدئولوژیکشان حاضر بودند در راستای منافع شوروی گام بردارند. فرانک، برادر اپنهایمر، هم عضو حزب کمونیست بود و جالب اینکه او نیز سرسختانه عضویتش را انکار میکرد تا سرانجام در سال 1949 به دروغگوییاش اقرار کرد و گفت تا 1941 عضو حزب بوده. کاترین، همسر اپنهایمر، هم پیش از ازدواج با او زن یک عضو شناختهشدهی حزب بود
آیا اپنهایمر از منظر تاریخ علم و سوای ملاحظات سیاسی دانشمند مهمی است؟ بله. هرچند به او «پدر بمب اتمی» لقب دادهاند، بزرگترین مساهمتش در فیزیک پژوهشهایش در باب سیاهچالههاست. نقطهی اوجش مقالهای است که با شاگردش اسنایدر منتشر کرد و در فیلم نولان هم تصویر شده. کار اپنهایمر و اسنایدر به روند تبدیل سیاهچاله از مفهومی ریاضیاتی به امکانی واقعی یاری رساند. با این حال، هنوز بیشتر فیزیکدانها دربارهی واقعیت غریب سیاهچالهها تردید داشتند. خود اپنهایمر هم علاقهاش را به این موضوع از دست داده بود و میگویند هر وقت کسی همچو بحثی را با او پیش میکشید، از حرفزدن طفره میرفت و بحث را عوض میکرد. در نهایت، با اثبات قطعیت شکلگیری سیاهچاله به دست راجر پنروز بود که قدر مقالهی اپنهایمر و اسنایدر بهدرستی شناخته شد. پنروز بابت کارهایش در این زمینه جایزهی نوبل گرفت. از این گذشته، اپنهایمر بهترین دپارتمان فیزیک نظری امریکا را در برکلی برپا و بسیاری از مستعدترین فیزیکدانان جوان امریکایی را جذب و هدایت کرد
داستان اپنهایمر چه چیزی دربارهی ترس ناموجهمان از انرژی هستهای به ما میآموزد؟ در سکانس شب پیش از آزمایش هستهای، فیلم مکالمهای را نشان میدهد بین اپنهایمر و ژنرال گروز. اپنهایمر از احتمالی حرف میزند که زمانی ذهن فیزیکدانها را مشغول کرده بود: اینکه انفجار هستهای به واکنش زنجیرهای فاجعهآمیزی بینجامد و جهان را به ورطهی نابودی بکشد. ولی به گروز اطمینان میدهد که حالا فیزیکدانان احتمال وقوع چنین سناریویی را چیزی نزدیک به صفر میدانند. با وجود این، گروز هنوز خاطرجمع نیست. دلش میخواهد احتمال یادشده دقیقا صفر باشد، نه چیزی نزدیک به صفر. این مکالمه نمودار اضطرابها و ترسهای ما از انرژی هستهای است. سناریوهایی که مخالفان انرژی هستهای مطرح میکنند هم از همین قماشند. به عبارتی، احتمال رخدادنشان چیزی نزدیک به صفر است. مثلا بیایید نگاهی بیندازیم به "فاجعه"ی چرنوبیل. به گزارش سازمان ملل، رقم کشتهشدگان این "فاجعهی آخرالزمانی" 50 نفر بوده. نهایتا 145 مرگ دیگر را هم شاید بتوان به شکل غیرمستقیم به این حادثه مربوط دانست. جز این، هیچ افزایشی در آمار سرطان یا اثری بر مرگ و میر نوزادان، بیماریهای مادرزادی و بارداری زنان مشاهده نشد. حالا این حادثه را مقایسه کنید با دیگر حوادث صنعتی دههی 1980. آمار کشتهشدگان را در نمودار زیر ببینید این نمودار مقایسهی منابع انرژی، مبتنی بر تازهترین دادهها، نشان میدهد انرژی هستهای کمخطرترین و پاکترین منبع انرژی است از زمان اختراع سلاحهای هستهای در 80 سال پیش، این سلاحها فقط یک بار در جنگ استفاده شدهاند. در مقابل، از وقتی سلاحهای هستهای اختراع شدهاند، میزان مرگ و میر ناشی از جنگ بیش از 90 درصد کاهش یافته است
تصویر بالا: شبیهسازی کامپیوتری یک ستارهی نوترونی
The screenplay was available online for free for “educational purposes”. I will likely buy the official screenplay at some point in the future. The movie is obviously brilliant, but dialogue moves so fast in it that it’s easy to miss things on your first viewing. Being able to read the words at my own pace helped me connect some of the dots that I might have missed on my first and only viewing. I can’t wait to see it again.
Like all Christopher Nolan movies, the film sticks extremely close to the script - it truly is the vision that Nolan has coming to life. One exception that was reported on and that I noticed was an actor adding a line about not bombing Kyoto because he and his wife honeymooned there. Indeed, it’s not in the script and not a line that is based in fact, but it was one of the hardest hitting in the movie.
I wouldn’t normally count reading a screenplay as a book but this tome of a script has nearly 20,000 words of dialogue alone so it definitely counts. It’s perfect. The pacing, the visuals given within the screenplay itself are incredible and came to life on the screen so effectively, the message is poignant yet vague just like J. Robert Oppenheimer was as a man. Nolan is so consistent within the story, masterfully setting up ideas, terminology, and actions that come back in unexpected ways by the end. It is WEIRD reading a script in first person but it just works for this. Only downside is that some screenwriters will definitely miss the purpose of the strange point of view and try to use it ineffectually.
I will never shut up about this movie it’s so fucking good RAAAAA 🦅. There is just something extraordinary about this story that will always draw me in even for a screenplay this was written so nicely. I really wish people actually cared about it as much as me because this is something I want to talk about more 😭😭
If only I had an app named verse that allowed me to leave live comments while reading.
Christopher Nolan GOATED for life. Despite seeing the movie five times, nothing come closes to reading this screenplay. It reads so well and it’s enticing. It’s perfectly written and adapted so well.
To adapt a book as dense and complex as American Prometheus into the three hour tragedy that is Oppenheimer is nothing short of a triumph. Reading this screenplay just bumped the film into my top 20 all time.
I read the screenplay and watched the film at the same time so a select few people who follow me both on this and on Letterboxd will see the same review twice.
Ich habe noch nie ein Drehbuch gelesen und ich bin so froh, dass ich es endlich mal getan habe.
Es ist so interessant, wie Nolan seine Szenen zum Ende hin ineinander webt, aber auch, wie der Film es nicht tut (außer ich erinnere mich falsch). Viele auseinandergerissene Szenen sind im Film zusammen geblieben. Wäre sehr cool, wenn jemand den Film anhand des Originaldrehbuchs umschneidet, um zu schauen, ob die Änderungen im Film besser oder schlechter sind.
I was so excited to read the screenplay of my favorite movie in recent years. Christopher Nolan made the unique choice to write this script in first person, so that the audience could be immersed in Oppenheimer’s view of the world around him.
It was fun to read how Nolan envisaged the scenes in his head, and to see how his vivid writing gave them form. The story just bursts out of the page, and it’s easy to see why so many A-list actors jumped at the opportunity to bring the words to life.
I would love to know how he decided to weave the timelines together as he did, and how he managed to organize them so intricately without confusing his audience.
What a phenomenal structural achievement. The fission and fusion of Oppenheimer’s narrative threads are the ultimate culmination of Nolan’s temporal experiments, which span from Memento all the way through Dunkirk and Tenet. Cutting between Oppenheimer and Strauss’s faux-trials, the chronology of Oppenheimer from youth to his security clearance hearing, and all of the intermittent asides is absolutely astounding. The propulsion of this narrative is a feat, and the thematic cohesion of Oppenheimer and Strauss has only been enriched upon repeat viewings and, now, my initial reading.
It is also difficult to overstate the nearly universal improvement of Nolan’s character writing from his previous films, Kitty and Jean Tatlock being the unfortunate outliers. There is undoubtedly an attempt to imbue their scenes with emotional resonance, however a few times they read as either stilted or overwrought. Beyond that, fortunately, Oppenheimer’s expansive cast flourishes. At its best Oppenheimer matches some of the strongest work of Oliver Stone and Sorkin, to make the obvious comparisons, and at its worst it remains above their low points (though the Tatlock Bhagavad Gita scene is arguable).
Finally and quickly, I am still personally satisfied with Oppenheimer’s politics (the text not the guy). Oppenheimer (the guy) is thoroughly condemnable while remaining an engaging protagonist, I personally think it is ridiculous to believe this text glorifies him. It strikes a very fine balance of emphasizing his hypocrisy, directly through Strauss at times, while damning the overarching bureaucratic apparatuses and actors which suppressed him above all. I empathize without sympathizing, Oppenheimer’s refusal to stand for something leaves him standing with nothing.
"Oppenheimer" je monumentalno filmsko ostvarenje. Ovo je kulminacija Nolanovog stvaralaštva u kome je u potpunosti sazreo kako iz ugla režije, tako i iz ugla scenarija.
Nakon što sam dva puta pogledao film nisam verovao da me Oppenheimerov ep može iznova iznenaditi, ali na scenu stupa Nolanov scenario, napisan iz prvog i iz trećeg lica.
Oppenheimer se obraća direktno čitaocu scenarija, još pre prve rečenice on nam naređuje da gledamo duboko u njegovu dušu, otkrijemo sve što želimo i donesemo svoj sud.
Gde u priču uvodi Lewisov lik u trećem licu, maskirajući njegove tendencije u nešto čemu ne možemo u potpunosti da priđemo i razumemo. On nas drži na distanci, dok nam šoljicom kafe sugeriše na arogantnu nezainteresovanost i sigurnost u Lewisove postpuke pre nego što ih uopšte i obelodani.
Šahovska tabla je u postavljena već na prvoj stranici. Nolan tek kasnije zadaje šah-mat najhrabrijom rečenicom u čitavom scenariju i stavlja tačku na celu priču i pre samog kraja.
Worth a read if you enjoyed the movie. Nolan’s writing style—not just his manipulation of traditional time elements and plot structure, but his injection of humor and masterful turns of phrase—comes into view even more on the page. His use of first person narration (and some genuinely funny parentheticals) for the action description sections gives a richer relatability to JRO than even the film could do—and a deeper glimpse into the interiority (or assumed feelings in Strauss’s case) of both the protagonist and the antagonist.
just such an incredible screenplay, an integral exploration of america. the first person perspective is still insane!
i noticed a few oppenheimer speeches were cut shorter, taking out some more technical jargon about arms control. a few more didactic lines were removed as well. to paraphrase, these are lines like "you have to think about your place in History oppenheimer!" these were welcome cuts from my perspective.
unfortunately, reading the screenplay just further reinforced that kitty is a pretty flat character- basically she's "drunk dissatisfied wife" :/
Really great screenplay. I don't know that it necessarily needs to be in first person for the Oppie perspective but I also got used to it very quickly. Easily Nolan's best script and he's pretty much firing on all cylinders with the actual film.